Ciri-ciri antropometrik dan komposisi badan pada atlet sepakbola di Yogyakarta

ABSTRACT Background: There is considerable evidence indicating that champions of various sports events differ significantly in their physical and physiological characteristics. It is not only the intersport differences, but also in the same sport, depending upon playing position. Objective: To study anthropometric characteristics and body composition of forwards, half-liners, backs and goalkeepers of soccer athletes in Yogyakarta. Methods: 60 soccer athletes in Yogyakarta, aged 17 to 32 year were recruited in the study. Body height and weight, shoulder and pelvic breadth, trunk length, and body fat were measured and compared among subjects of different playing positions. Analysis of variance was used as statistical tests to express the difference between anthropometric characteristics and body composition among forwards, half-liners, backs and goalkeepers. Results: The result showed that the goalkeepers had the highest score of average height, weight, shoulder and pelvic breadth, trunk length and body fat. There were significant differences of height, weight and body fat among the four subgroups of soccer athletes. Conclusion: There were similarities of somatotype distributions between Yogyakarta soccer athletes and world soccer athletes. Key words: sport anthropology - soccer athletes - anthropometry - body composition Latar belakang: Banyak bukti menunjukkan bahwa di antara atlet-atlet juara pada berbagai cabang olahraga terdapat ciri-ciri fisik dan fisiologi yang berbeda. Perbedaan ini tidak hanya pada atlet antar cabang olahraga, tetapi terdapat pula pada atlet cabang olahraga yang sama tergantung pada perbedaan posisi pemain. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ciri-ciri antropometrik dan komposisi badan pemain depan, tengah, belakang dan kiper atlet sepakbola di Yogyakarta. Bahan dan cara: Subyek penelitian terdiri dari 60 atlet sepakbola di Yogyakarta yang terbagi atas 18 pemain depan, 18 pemain tengah, 19 pemain belakang dan 5 kiper, dengan umur berkisar antara 17 - 32 tahun Berat dan tinggi badan, lebar bahu dan panggul, panjang trunkus serta lemak badan diukur dan dibandingkan antar pemain posisi yang berbeda. Uji analisis varian digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan ciri-ciri antropometrik dan komposisi badan antara pemain depan, tengah, belakang dan kiper. Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kiper mempunyai besar badan, lebar bahu, lebar panggul, panjang trunkus dan lemak badan yang paling besar dibanding pemain posisi lain. Simpulan: Ada perbedaan dalam besar dan lemak badan antar pemain beda posisisecara keseluruhan distribusi somatotipe menunjukkan kesamaan dengan distribusi somatotipe atlet sepakbola dunia