Kepekaan Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap obat antituberkulosis

ABSTRACT Background: The tuberculosis control efforts have been alarmed by trend of the widespread emergence of multidrugs resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To anticipate the _problem it is very important to provide clinicians with data on drugs susceptibility of M. tuberculosis periodically. Objectives: This study reviewed the pattern of susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to various antituberculosis drugs, for monitoring of antituberculosis drugs resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, especially in Yogyakarta. Method: Eighty four isolates of M. tuberculosis - collection of the Laboratory of Microbiology Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University - were evaluated for their susceptibility to various drugs, both the first line drugs (INH, streptomycin, rifampicin, and ethambutol), and the second line drugs (kanamycin). Suspension of M. tuberculosis at density of approximately Mac Farland no. 1 standard (108cfu/m1) were cultured on drugs containing medium as well as control medium of Midlebrook 7H10 and incubated for 3 weeks. The number of colony on the drugs containing medium and control medium was reported. Result: The results showed that range of resistance of M. tuberculosis to the overall drugs were 16% to 62%. Resistance to INH .was the lowest (16.66%), whereas the resistant isolates to streptomycin, ethambutol, rifampicin and kanamycin were 27.38%, 34.21 %, 62.50% and 45.78% respectively. Conclusion: 88.10% of isolates were resistant to one or more antituberculosis, 3.58% were resistant to all of the drugs, and only 11.90% of the isolates still sensitive to all of the drugs. Key words: Mycobacterium tuberculosis - resistance - antituberculosis Latar belakang: Upaya penang. gulangan tuberkulosis waktu ini sering terhambat oleh penyebaran strain bakteri yang resisten terhadap beberapa obat. Salah satu upaya untuk mengantisipasi masalah tersebut adalah pemantauan berkala dan penyampaian informasi mengenai data resistensi kuman kepada para klinisi. Tujuan penelitian: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui pola kepekaan Mycobacterium tuberculosis terhadap beberapa obat antituberkulosis, dalam rangka pemantauan strain M. tuberculosis yang resisten terhadap obat, di Yogyakarta. Bahan dan cara: Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Februari 1998 sampai Januari 1999 dengan menggunakan 84 isolat M. tuberculosis koleksi Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedotkeran UGM. Suspensi bakteri dengan kepadatan 108cfu/m1 ditanam pada 5 medium Midlebrook 7H10 yang telah mengandung masing-masing obat antituberkulosis pilihan utama yaitu isoniazid/INH (0,2 µg/ml), rifampisin(1.011g/m1), streptomisin (2,0 j.tg/m1), etambutol (6 µg/m1), dan obat pilihan kedua yaitu kanamisin(5,0 µg/ml). Sebagai kontrol suspensi bakteri ditanam pada medium yang sama tanpa obat. Setiap minggu pertumbuhan diamati sampai dengan minggu ke 3. Koloni yang tumbuh pada masing-masing medium obat dihitung dan dibandingkan dengan medium tanpa obat. Hasil: Pengamatan terhadap kepekaan M. tuberculosis menunjukkan bahwa sejumlah isolat telah resisten terhadap obat antituberkulosis yang diujikan, dengan kisaran 16% sampai 62%. Resistensi terendah adalah ..