Seni Bangun Masjid Menara Kudus Representasi Akulturasi Budaya = Architecture of the Menara Kudus Mosque is A Representasion of Culture Acculturation

ABSTRACT Islamic belief and cultural system at the Javanese society was spread by Wali Sanga experienced very important moment along ith the fading out of Majapahit power as the Hinduism-Buddhism Kingdom. The Islamic improve- ment faced the golden age since the founding of the first Islamic sultanate at Java, Demak. The Islamic authority, Demak, has succeeded powerfully to dominate many fields, such as politic, economy, religion, and social culture, including art. In the early of Islamic development, the Islamic civilization center was located along the Java northern seashore. One of the real proof physical culture heritages was Menara Kudus mosque and cemetery architecture. The aesthetic realization of the Menara Kudus mosque and cemetery architecture contained the integration of pre-Islamic tradition, especialy Hinduism, and the Islamic. This research aims to find out the reasons of the existence of Menara Kudus mosque-cemtery that were not only the islamic religion architecture but also the aesthetical pattern of Hinduism tradition. This research also purposes to reveal meanings of the acculturation structure and forms realization, to find out the description and the comprehension of acculturation impacts of Islamic and pre-IsIamic cultures to the aesthetic realization of the Menara Kudus mosque and cemetery architecture. In order, has been used multidiscipline approach, relating to anthropological, historical, and aesthetical dimensions to solve and to analyze the problems. The relationship between the aspects of pre-Islamic cultural (animism- dynamism and Hinduism-Buddhism) and the aspects of Islamic culture were tight. This relation pattern was a one strategy of Islamic religion spreading (syii ar) had done by Wali Sanga. The strategy was aim to reach the sympathy from the pre-Islamic traditional society at that time. The conclusion of this research is the aesthetic realization of the Menara Kudus mosque-cemetery architecture represented the acculturation of Islamic culture by the Hindu-Buddha and animism-dynamism. Keywords: cultural, architecture, aesthetic, Menara Kudus mosque