Pengaruh ekstrak-heksan herba meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) terhadap efek toksik aflatoksin B1 pada hati tikus Rattus norvegicus.

The principal objective of this study is to provide more extensive description of the chemopreventive effect of rneniran herbs-hexan extracts against the toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 in the liver of Rattus norvegicus rats. The subjects consisted of sixteen male rats Rattus norvegicus in good general condition, 1 - 2 month old, with body weight around 62 - 68.5 grams, divided into 4 groups of four rats each. Water and ad libid were given to All of the groups of the rats. The first group was given 1 ml of emulsion of coconut oil. The second group was given 30 mg of meniran herbs-hexane extracts in 1 ml emulsion. The third group was given 15 g aflatoxin B, (AFB,) in 1 ml emulsion. The fourth group was given 30 mg of meniran herbs-hexane extracts and 15 g of AFB, in 1 ml of emulsion. Extract and AFBi were given orally by an aplicator for 16 weeks. By analysis of variance the results showed that the effect of meniran herbs-hexane extracts against the toxic effect of aflatoxin B1 demonstrated a significant effect (p < 0,01) in serum alanine aminotransferase (glutamic pyruvictransaminase). Aflatoxin B, increased serum alanine aminotransferase significantly (p < 0.001) in comparison with control (the group of rats treated with 1 ml emulsion and the group of the rats treated with 30 mg extracts). Histological feature in the group of rats treated with AFBi showed bad liver features compared to the other groups. There were altered foci in the hepatocytes (3/5) and the bile duct epithelial cells demonstrated hyperplasia as well as metaplasia (5/5). The group of the rats treated with meniran herbs-hexane extracts and AFB, showed normal hepatocytes and some of bile duct epithelial cells showed proliferation. The other groups of the rats respectively treated with coconut oil emulsion and meniran herbs-hexane extracts showed normal hepatocytes and bile ducts epithelial cells. It is concluded that meniran herbs-hexane extracts could be used to reduce aflatoxin B, toxicity in the rat liver. Keywords: Phyllanthus niruri L. herbs-hexane extracts - aflatoxin Bt - serum alanine aminotransferase - bile duct epithelial cells - hepatocytes - Rattus norvegicus Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L) adalah tanaman perdu yang oleh masyarakat di Indonesia digunakan sebagai obar tradisional untuk pengobatan berbagai penyakit antara lain penyakit hati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa herba meniran mengandung senyawa lignan dan senyawa ansiklik yang mempunyai potensi sebagai anti hepatotoksik. Aflatoksin B1 dan campuran aflatoksin adalah senyawa karsinogenik yang sampai sekarang masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di berbagai negara yang beriklim tropis. Atas dasar bahwa herba meniran mempunyai potensi antihepatotoksik dan aflatoksin merupakan senyawa hepatotoksik, maka masalah yang timbul adalah apakah herba meniran dapat digunakan untuk mencegah aflatoksikosis ? Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak-heksan herba meniran (Phyllanthus niruri L.) terhadap efek toksik aflatoksin B, dalam hati tikus Rattus norvegicus. Enambelas ekor tikus jantan, umur 1-2 bulan, berat badan antara 62-68,5 gram dan tampak sehat dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok, masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 4 ekor tikus. Tikus kelompok I (K I) diberi air dan ransum ad libitum dan 1 ml emulsi minyak kelapa 10%. Tikus kelompok II (K II) diperlakukan seperti K I dan diberi 30 mg ekstrak-heksan herba menira