KETAHANAN NASIONAL SEBAGAI KEKUATAN PENANGKALAN: SATU TINJAUAN DARI SUDUT KEPENTINGAN HANKAM

From the defence-security point of view, national resilience serves to ward off threats to stability. With the end of the cold war, the military threat from abroad has almost disappeared, but non-physical challenges from the globalization of information have increased. Legally there is still national sovereignity, but in practice the dynamics of our society develops in interaction with other nations. So we must constantly update our perception of our environment, as well as the new paradigms within our own life. Failure to adapt to these new paradigms --openness, for example-- can have grave consequences on stability. New information raises new hopespeople become impatient. Differences on perception can arise between government and governed, between the young generation and the old. In response to this, the younger generation is often seen as an opponent of stability and not as an agent of positive change. But both sides must adapt to these modernization trends. What was perceived in cold war days as a \u27threat\u27 from an \u27enemy\u27 should become a challenge, a development risk which must be overcome. In this age of cyberspace, activities and interactions become global. For both government and business, each decision within the nation must increasingly take account of international considerations. The hazards of development are no longer confined to the national level. In place of the old concept of geographical \u27line of defence\u27, we need to face foreign challenges with a multilayered strategy, at the personal, regional, national and ASEAN level. In APEC, AFTA and GATT negotiations, we have commited ourselves to freeing up trade and investment. This will bring intense competition, in which businesses whose apparent strength rest only on collusion or protection will hardly survive. The freer market may bring unemployment and increased jealously of foreign and local business. Yet without massive foreign investment our second 25-year development phase will fail. The threat to stability from socioeconomic change cannot be successfully dealt with by repression, which will arouse the anger of the people, as well as criticism from abroad. Hence the absolute need for a multilayered defensive strateg