Perilaku harga dan efisiensi sistem tataniaga jeruk siam Kalimantan Barat=The price behavior and the effiiencency of marketing system of siam orange of West Kalimantan

ABSTRAK The aim of this study was to identify: the influence of the characteristic of seasonal production and the policy of marketing on Siam orange price at the farmer level, the dynamic equilibrium of long-run prices and the efficiency of Siam orange marketing in West Kalimantan. This study used analytical descriptive method of secondary data from 1988 to 1997. The seasonal analysis was carried out with three approaches, table, graphic and statistic. The analysis of long-run price used linear regression with Cobweb model and simultaneous equation with the modified Nerlove model. The market integration of Ravallion model, the marketing margin, the elasticity of price transmision and the farmer share were as an indicator of the efficiency of marketing system. The seasonal production with high fluctuation was caused by the climate and agronomical characteristics of Siam orange influenced the price at farmer level, it had low price in the great harvest in the second quarter and high price in the small harvest in the fourth quarter. The price at farmer level tended to increase with the low fluctuation. The policy of marketing No. 296/91 and No. 555/93 showed the higher price than No. 088A/88. In the long run, the price would direct to equilibrium point (convergen cyclus) but there was no oscillation. The present price was influenced by the income and the production not by the previous seasonal price. The policy of marketing did not influence either the price or production equilibrium of Siam orange. In addition, the price in the first quarter was lower than in the fourth quarter. The fanner share was still low, the marketing margin was not constant, the elasticity of price transmision was less than one and the market integration was high either in Pontianak local market or "Pasar Induk Kramat Jati (PIKJ)". It could be said that Siam orange in west Kalimantan was not efficient because the market structure was not perfect competition (monopsony). Pontianak local market, however, was more efficient than "Pasar Induk Kramat Jati". Keywords: seosonal price behaviour â long run equilibrium â policy of orange marketing â marketing efficiency