This PhD is about the serpentinitic matrix, mafic crust and exotic ultramafic blocks of the Villa Clara serpentinitic mélange (VCSM) in central Cuba in an attempt to evaluate the evolution of oceanic lithosphere. Each of these units bears witness of mantle source composition, origin of oceanic crust and its relation to the mantle, ocean floor metamorphism, metasomatism and fluid flux in the subduction zone. The study of the serpentinitic matrix allowed the identification of two peridotite protoliths. Group A, with fertile compositions (high Al2O3 and low Cr# in pyroxene and spinel and enriched in heavy rare earth elements) and group B, displaying refractory compositions (low Al2O3 and higher Cr# in pyroxene and spinel compositions and depl...