A Study of Tensile and Bending Properties of Woven Cotton Fabrics

1-8<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The uniaxial tensile and bending characteristics of a series of cotton and cotton-blend fabrics have been examined. The fabrics tested encompass<span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;="" mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">' <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">a wide range of tightness of construction by including three different groups of cotton woven structure, viz. canvas fabrics<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height: 115%;font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;="" mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">, <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">sheeting fabrics and handloom outer wear fabrics. The fabric load-extension curves and yarn decrimping curves are analyzed and discussed in terms of the following dimensionless parameters<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">: the normalized tension per thread (the applied tension divided by the yarn bending rigidity and multiplied by the square of curvilinear length in the extended direction), the relative yarn or fabric extension (the yarn or fabric extension divided by the yarn crimp), the initial fabric tensile modulus<span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;="" mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">, <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">the yarn decrimping modulus and the ratio of the curvilinear lengths in the two principal directions of woven fabric. The inelastic and elastic parameters for the fabric bending hysteresis curve are described<span style="font-size:11.0pt; line-height:115%;font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;="" mso-fareast-font-family:"times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;="" mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";="" color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:="" ar-sa"="">. <span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family: " calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">The effects of fabric weave construction. weave tightness and fabric finishing or wet relaxation treatments on the fabric tensile and bending behaviour are studied and related to the cross-thread interaction effects determined as the ratios of fabric bending parameters (expressed per bending thread) to the yarn bending parameters and the ratio of the initial fabric tensile modulus to the yarn decrimping modulus<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">. The mechanisms of viscoelasticity are evaluated by studying the stress relaxation behaviour of bent cotton fabrics under conditions of both stable and changing relative humidity. It is observed that the yarn interference effects in cotton fabrics are generally higher than those in worsted outerwear fabrics, although the hand loom fabrics show yarn interference effects similar to those of wool fabrics. There is a good correlation between yarn interference effects as measured by pure bending and tensile deformations of fabrics<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">. The stress-relaxation of cotton fabrics during changing conditions of relative humidity is more sensitive to structure than in the case of wool. The stress-relaxation in cotton fabrics is more severe than in wool<span style="font-size:11.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:" calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:="" "times="" new="" roman";mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast;mso-hansi-theme-font:="" minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:"times="" roman";color:#191919;mso-ansi-language:="" en-us;mso-fareast-language:en-us;mso-bidi-language:ar-sa"="">.