Zinc incorporation in the miliolid foraminifer Pseudotriloculina rotunda under laboratory conditions

The incorporation rate of Zn into the calcareous tests of Pseudotriloculina rotunda was investigated in culture in order to evaluate the possibility of using Zn/Ca ratios as a pollution proxy. Foraminifera were incubated at zinc concentrations up to 10-fold higher than unpolluted seawater (sea + 10 mg Zn/L) during 70 days. New calcite was investigated under the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM), for potential alteration of test structure. Laser ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) was used to quantify Zn contents. The analyses revealed that test structure is not visibly altered by the presence of zinc. However, significant Zn incorporation is detected by the LA-ICP-MS. The zinc partition coefficient, DZn, decreases at increasing Zn concentrations (from 4.03 ± 0.06 to 0.2 ± 0.01) and the zinc is incorporated into the calcite not necessarily linearly