Preparation and characterization of sol–gel derived yttria doped zirconia coatings on AISI 316L

A stable 4 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) sol has been synthesized for coating stainless steel AISI 316L for biomedical applications. The sol was prepared by controlled hydrolysis of zirconium n-butoxide using acetylacetone and nitric acid as chelating agent and catalyst, respectively. X-ray diffractograms of calcined YSZ xerogel indicated a tetragonal structure at temperature as low as 400 °C. Stainless steel was dip-coated in transparent yellow YSZ sol followed by heat treatment between 400 and 600 °C for 2 h in air. A homogeneous and crack-free YSZ film was, thus, obtained on the stainless steel surface. Adhesion strength, measured by scratch test in progressive loading sequence on coated AISI 316L, showed 27 ± 3 N critical load. Corrosion performance of the surface coating was evaluated through open-circuit potential (OCP) measurement, impedance, polarization and chronoamperometry in Ringer's solution at 37 °C. The coating enhanced the pitting potential of the substrate. The metal ions released from AISI 316L was effectively controlled by the coating