The effect of physical and biological pre-treatments of oil palm fronds on in vitro ruminal degradability

Physical pre-treatment of the oil palm frond (OPF) is known to loosen the lignocellulose while the biological pre-treatment is capable in degrading the lignin, making the substrates more accessible for rumen microbes. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of physical, biological and combination of both pre-treatments of OPF on the in vitro ruminal degradability. Five different samples of OPF pre-treatments were used in this stud