The anti-malarial chloroquine modulated cytokine levels and increased animal survivability via Akt-mediated inhibition of GSK3? in Burkholderia pseudomallei-infected mice

Melioidosis is a common cause of fatal community-acquired septicaemia and pneumonia in endemic regions even with appropriate antibiotic treatments. The involvement of inflammatory cytokines in the manifestation of melioidosis is well-documented. Antibacterial and anti-inflammatory therapies may prove more efficacious against melioidosis rather than just anti-bacterial therapy alone. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway has a central role in regulating the host inflammatory respons