Paddy cultivation physical analysis studies for the determination of nanofertilizer efficiency test

Fertilizer is a substance added to soil to improve plants growth and yield. Fertilizer technology has been developed tremendously based on farmers? demand for their crops. Modern synthetic fertilizer is composed mainly of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium with secondary nutrient added according to plants requirement which has proven to improve the quality and quantity of food nowadays. But a long term excessive use of synthetic fertilizer may cause environmental issues such as Eutrophication which resulted from oversupply of nutrients, which induces explosive growth of plants and algae. When such organisms die, bacteria begin to decompose the remains, using up oxygen for respiration which consumes the oxygen in the body of water, thereby creating the state of hypoxia. Larger life forms, such as fish will suffocate to death. Therefore, nanofertilizer is an alternative technology which would reduce the possibility of excessive use of commercial fertilizer. Nanofertilizers are design to improve adsorption ability because of its small size (109) and high surface area. A smart-carrier fertilizer is most technically advanced way of supplying nutrients to crops and can improves fertilizer use efficiency. Compared to conventional fertilizers, their gradual pattern of nutrient supply meets plant needs and minimizes leaching. A nano strategy involving a smart carrier fertilizer based on modification of fertilizer using hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles was studied. HA (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) nanoparticles are rated as one of the prominent materials in agricultural applications, which can provide phosphorus nutrient. The proposed fertilizer composition may maximize the fertilizer use efficiency while minimizing the adverse effects to the environment due to use of large quantities of fertilizer in agriculture (Trenkel et al., 1997Sopyan et al., 2008). (Copied from article)