Review on the application of Piezoelectric materials in the development of ultrasonic motors

This paper reviews the application of piezoelectric materials in the development of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors, Piezoelectric materials has vast applications in the manufacture of ultrasonic motors, as they use the converse piezoelectric effects to generate vibration which is finally converted to the type of motion required resulting from the standing or traveling wave generated earlier. Piezoelectric materials are the most important mechanism of piezoelectric ultrasonic motors, as they remain the main motion generating mechanism in the whole system. Piezoelectric ultrasonic motors can be driven via standing or traveling wave, different forms of motions can be generated such as linear or rotary motion, and also the output motion can be used to drive a single or double rotors. The nature of the output motion can either be single or multiple degree of freedom