The effect of sea side quay wall roughness and inclination on bed scour induced by ship bow-thrusters

In order to increase their transport efficiency, modern ships are built with increasingly larger propellers and bow-thrusters. The combination of larger propellers with greater power and a reduction in bed clearance has created higher levels of bed scour action affecting berthing structures. Therefore, propeller-induced scours need to be considered in the design of quay wall structures. In this study, an experimental investigation was carried out to examine the effect of sea side wall roughness and wall inclination angle on the scouring action induced by bowthruster in front of the quay wall. Two different kinds of sea side quay wall surfaces (glass and concrete) as an indicator of wall roughness and four different sea side wall inclination angles (? = 90?, 75?, 60?, and 45?) were considered in this study. The results showed that the eroded area has been decreased with the increase of the sea side wall roughness and inclinatio