Energy optimization in cluster based wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are made up of sensor nodes which are usually battery-operated devices, and hence energy saving of sensor nodes is a major design issue. To prolong the networks lifetime, minimization of energy consumption should be implemented at all layers of the network protocol stack starting from the physical to the application layer including cross-layer optimization. Optimizing energy consumption is the main concern for designing and planning the operation of the WSN. Clustering technique is one of the methods utilized to extend lifetime of the network by applying data aggregation and balancing energy consumption among sensor nodes of the network. This paper proposed new version of Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), protocols called Advanced Optimized Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (AOLEACH), Optimal Deterministic Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (ODLEACH), and Varying Probability Distance Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (VPDL) combination with Shuffled Frog Leap Algorithm (SFLA) that enables selecting best optimal adaptive cluster heads using improved threshold energy distribution compared to LEACH protocol and rotating cluster head position for uniform energy dissipation based on energy levels. The proposed algorithm optimizing the life time of the network by increasing the first node death (FND) time and number of alive nodes, thereby increasing the life time of the network