Negotiating effective piano pedagogy and music examinations in Penang, Malaysia. The impact of the associated board of the royals schools of music on piano instruction

The notion of music as a universal element culture is validated by the fact that each society possesses its own unique musical system and expression. However, within this general commonality, there exist panoplies of musical and pedagogical practices. Interestingly, in many cultures, the study of music is primarily characterized by social-cultural raisons d\u27etre that very often diverge from its intrinsic educational objectives and aesthetic significance. In the Malaysian context, the act of teaching and learning the piano is very much motivated by undertaking a uniquely British tradition of music examinations. A dominant force that has been playing a key role in shaping the course of Malaysia\u27s music education in the past fifty years is The Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music (ABRSM), the country\u27s leading foreign provider of musical assessment. ABRSM, together with other imported music examination boards have played a vital role in the propagation of music examinations in Malaysia. These music assessments have become the sole benchmark for formal musical achievement in this country. Hence, it is commonly construed that the primary objective of this private music education industry is centered on meeting the syllabus requirements as prescribed by these foreign music examination boards. Consequently, these examinations have by far become an unprecedented indicator of success in the process of music learning and teaching. This curious form of modus operandi in the private music education milieu has perpetuated an examination-oriented culture that views music lessons as synonymous to music testing. (Copied from article)