Measurements of shipping emissions with in-situ instruments

Shipping is a major contributor to pollution in coastal areas and harbour towns. It is a growing industry and only few international regulations control its emissions. This thesis describes the set-up and analysis of in-situ measurements at different locations near the German coast, which are influenced by shipping emissions. It focusses on the analysis of a unique and extensive set of plumes measurements, which have been allocated with individual ships. A total of nearly 5 000 plumes could be analysed, especially with respect to their fuel sulphur content (FSC), based on SO2 measurements, and their NOx emission factors. The studies described in this thesis, which are the first of their kind in Germany in this extent, have laid the foundations for the future operational systems determining the pollution emissions from shipping and assessing their compliance with legislation