The protective role of single bulb garlic (Allium sativum L.) towards foam cells and vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1) on mice (Mus musculus) with high-fat diet

Atherosclerosis is initiated by inflammatory response characterized by the accumulation of lipids in the arteries, causing blockage of blood vessels. The excessive of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood is a major factor in endothelial dysfunction and results in an inflammatory process. The inflammatory process in atherosclerosis is due to the expression of adhesion molecules, vascular cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1). This research aimed to evaluate the effect of single bulb garlic oil extract (SGBOE) against VCAM-1 expression in high-fat diet mice. Thirty male mice strain Balb/C were acclimatized for one week. Mice were divided into 6 groups (n=5): normal, high-fat diet (HFD), HFD + simvastatin, and HFD + SBGOE 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg BW respectively. HFD was given for 45 days. The SGBOE was given for four weeks orally. The aortic VCAM-1 expression was assayed using the immunohistochemical-flouresencemethod. The result of One-Way ANOVA showed that the treatment influenced significantly (p