Re-establishment of medical and healthcare systems for nuclear emergency workers based on the lessons learned from the 2011 Fukushima nuclear accident

In response to the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW) temporarily increased emergency dose limits from 100 to 250 mSv from March 14 to December 16, 2011, but there were many problems in medical and health care systems. Based on the lessons learned, in 2015, the MHLW deliberated for radiation protection and medical and health care systems to prepare for future nuclear emergencies. The paper aims to describe and share the experience gained in the process of setting medical and healthcare systems. The paper outlines the issues of: (a) on-site medical and health care systems; (b) health care during emergency work and; (c) long-term health care. For the deliberation, the MHLW had to find the way to keep a balance between the protection of the emergency workers and the prompt implementation of crisis response. The MHLW built a consensus among stakeholders by providing lifetime healthcare systems as compensation for the radiation health risks and by enhancing preparedness to eliminate confusion and disorder and improve the level of protection against health risks. The experience gained shows that acceptance of the health risks due to radiation exposure needs not only a scientific basis, but also social acceptance