Ethanol extraction of canola oil: Kinetics and effects of type of solvent and microwave-pretreatment

The phenomenon and kinetics of the ethanol extraction of canola oil from microwave-pretreated seeds was studied using a Fick’s diffusion model. The extraction was performed in a batch system at constant temperature (313–333 K) at different times (300–64 800 s); then the total solvent-free extracts (SFE) were washed with hexane, obtaining oil as a hexane-soluble fraction (HSE) along a hexane-insoluble fraction. The values of the fitted parameters were different from those obtained by hexane extraction, showing an influence of the solvent on the kinetic parameters. A comparison of SEM images of pre-extracted, post-extracted with ethanol and post-extracted with hexane meals showed a dilution of the structural matrix with ethanol, not observed in post-extraction samples with hexane. This would indicate that a microwave-pretreatment is not necessary for the ethanol extraction of canola oil under the studied conditions, although it is important for breaking seed structures to facilitate the conventional extraction with hexane