According to a conjecture due to Willmore [5], the toroidal surface corresponding to the absolute minimum of the curvature energy is either an axisymmetric torus of aspect ratio ${1}/{\sqrt{2}}$ or its conformal transform. We study this problem in the context of a fluid vesicle under the constraints of constant area, i.e. constant number of lipid molecules, and of constant enclosed volume, i.e. no permeation through the membrane. We show, in particular, that, when the calculation is carried out to second order in variations normal to the surface, these constraints do not remove the conformal degeneracy [7, 8]. We give the complete hierarchy of modes which selectively break all the symmetries of a torus. We show that this symmetry problem is...
Cellular membranes display an incredibly diverse range of shapes, both in the plasma membrane and at...
In this article, the formation of biconcave vesicle according to the minimization bending energy (He...
PACS.02.40.-k { Geometry, dierential geometry, and topology Abstract. | The morphology of vesicles w...
According to a conjecture due to Willmore [5], the toroidal surface corresponding to the absolute mi...
Vesicles are closed surfaces, formed by lipid bilayers in aqueous solution. They exhibit a large var...
Shapes of vesicles with toroidal topology are studied in the context of curvature models for the mem...
We report observations of toroidal vesicles with circular and noncircular cross sections, axisymmetr...
Shapes and shape transformations of vesicles are considered theoretically within the spontaneous cur...
Toroidal templates such as vesicles with hexatic bond orientational order are discussed. The total e...
In biology, when a large amount of phospholipids is inserted in aqueous media, they immediatly gathe...
A theoretical approach to determine nearly spherical shapes of phospholipid vesicles is developed. T...
Shapes and shape transformations of vesicles are considered theoretically within the spontaneous cur...
Certain standard properties, including spontaneous curvature, are assumed for the membrane of a bili...
An exact description is provided of an almost spherical fluid vesicle with a fixed area and a fixed ...
We theoretically study the shapes of lipid vesicles confined to a spherical cavity, elaborating a fr...
Cellular membranes display an incredibly diverse range of shapes, both in the plasma membrane and at...
In this article, the formation of biconcave vesicle according to the minimization bending energy (He...
PACS.02.40.-k { Geometry, dierential geometry, and topology Abstract. | The morphology of vesicles w...
According to a conjecture due to Willmore [5], the toroidal surface corresponding to the absolute mi...
Vesicles are closed surfaces, formed by lipid bilayers in aqueous solution. They exhibit a large var...
Shapes of vesicles with toroidal topology are studied in the context of curvature models for the mem...
We report observations of toroidal vesicles with circular and noncircular cross sections, axisymmetr...
Shapes and shape transformations of vesicles are considered theoretically within the spontaneous cur...
Toroidal templates such as vesicles with hexatic bond orientational order are discussed. The total e...
In biology, when a large amount of phospholipids is inserted in aqueous media, they immediatly gathe...
A theoretical approach to determine nearly spherical shapes of phospholipid vesicles is developed. T...
Shapes and shape transformations of vesicles are considered theoretically within the spontaneous cur...
Certain standard properties, including spontaneous curvature, are assumed for the membrane of a bili...
An exact description is provided of an almost spherical fluid vesicle with a fixed area and a fixed ...
We theoretically study the shapes of lipid vesicles confined to a spherical cavity, elaborating a fr...
Cellular membranes display an incredibly diverse range of shapes, both in the plasma membrane and at...
In this article, the formation of biconcave vesicle according to the minimization bending energy (He...
PACS.02.40.-k { Geometry, dierential geometry, and topology Abstract. | The morphology of vesicles w...