Prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain in the long term following upper limb amputation

This study aims to describe the prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain following upper limb amputation. Methods: One-hundred and forty-one participants (139 males; mean age 74.8 years; mean time since amputation 50.1 years) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing residual and phantom limb pain experience. Results: Prevalence of phantom limb pain during the week preceding assessment was 42.6% (60/141). Prevalence of residual limb pain was 43.3% (61/141). More than one third of these had some pain constantly or most days. Phantom limb pain was commonly described as ‘discomforting’ (31/60) and associated with ‘a little bit’ of lifestyle interference (23/60). Residual limb pain was most often described as ‘discomforting’ (27/61) or ‘distressing’ (19/61) and was typically associated with low to moderate levels of lifestyle interference. Conclusion: Assessment of multiple dimensions of post-amputation pain in the long term following upper limb amputation is warranted