Monopole production via photon fusion and Drell–Yan processes:

In this work we consider point-like monopole production via photon-fusion and Drell–Yan processes in the framework of an effective U(1) gauge field theory obtained from conventional models describing the interaction of spin [see pdf] magnetically-charged fields with ordinary photons, upon electric-magnetic dualisation. We present arguments based on such dualities which support the conjecture of an effective monopole-velocity-dependent magnetic charge. For the cases of spin- [see pdf] and spin-1 monopoles, we also include a magnetic-moment term $$\kappa $$, which is treated as a new phenomenological parameter and, together with the velocity-dependent coupling, allows for a perturbative treatment of the cross-section calculation. We discuss unitarity issues within these effective field theories, in particular we point out that in the spin-1 monopole case only the value $$\kappa =1$$ may restore unitarity. However from an effective-field-theory point of view, this lack of unitarity should not be viewed as an impediment for the phenomenological studies and experimental searches of generic spin-1 monopoles, given that the potential appearance of new degrees of freedom in the ultraviolet completion of such models might restore it. The second part of the paper deals with an appropriate implementation of photon-fusion and Drell–Yan processes based on the above theoretical scenarios into MadGrap