Gas bubble detection in liquid metals by means of the ultrasound transit-time-technique

In this work the ultrasound-transit time technique is introduced as a versatile method to analyze the bubble dynamics in liquid-metal-gas flows. After discussing the principle of operation and the implementation of the technique, the methods used to extract the positions of the bubbles, their velocities, or their diameters are explained. Finally, the performance of the method is demonstrated for a liquid-metal-gas flow with and without a magnetic field