Ratchet effect in graphene with trigonal clusters

In this study, we explore the ratchet effect in graphene with artificial, triangular scatterers from a theoretical standpoint. It is demonstrated that the skew scattering of carriers by such coherently oriented defects results in the ratchet effect in graphene, i.e., in a direct current under the action of an oscillating electric field. Scattering on various types of defects exhibiting threefold symmetry is considered in this paper: scattering on a cluster in the shape of a solid triangle in the classical and quantum mechanical limits, and scattering on three-point defects placed at the corners of a triangle. The DC current is calculated for a classical range of oscillating field frequencies