Nuclear thermometry

Different approaches for measuring nuclear temperatures are described. The quantitative results of different thermometer approaches are often not consistent. These differences are traced back to the different basic assumptions of the applied methods. Moreover, an overview of recent theoretical investigations is given, which study the quantitative influence of dynamical aspects of the nuclear-reaction process on the extracted apparent temperatures. The status of the present experimental and theoretical knowledge is reviewed. Guidelines for future investigations, especially concerning the properties of asymmetric nuclear matter, are given