Study Of The Factors Influencing The Bioaccessibility Of 10 Elements From Chocolate Drink Powder

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)A risk/benefit assessment of chocolate drink powder has been conducted by evaluating the total contents and the bioaccessibilities of Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, P and Zn. The bioaccessibility was studied considering the type of sample (traditional, light, diet and organic) and the different factors that may affect it, including physical-chemical parameters of the human digestive process (gastric pH, concentration of bile salts and presence of lipase) and the presence of dietary components (phytate, pectin, cellulose and tannin). The bioaccessibility varied greatly according to the sample type, being greater in the diet and organic samples, and on the element being considered (5-12% for Al, 74-120% for Ba, 3-11% for Cd, 5-19% for Cr, 22-74% for Cu, 1-30% for Fe, 47-98% for Mg, 19-59% for Mn, 19-115% for P and 15-31% for Zn). Bile salts concentrations and the presence of dietary components also modify the bioaccessibilities of some of these elements. In addition, consideration of the bioaccessible fractions instead of the total contents in the product reduces significantly the contribution of chocolate drink consumption to the Recommended Daily Intake of essential elements, but has also a positive effect, reducing the contributions to tolerable intakes of Al and Cd. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.484147Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo [2011/21023-3, 2013/21962-5]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)INCTAA (Instituto Nacional de Ciencias e Tecnologias Analiticas Avancadas)Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [AGL2012-33461]Generalitat Valenciana PROMETEO [II-2014-077]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq