A New Species Of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (characiformes: Characidae) From The Central And Western Amazon And Rio Paraná-paraguai Basins

A new species of Hemigrammus is described from the middle rio Solimões/Amazonas and tributaries, upper and middle rio Madeira, and rio Paraná-Paraguai basins in Brazil and Paraguay. The new species is most similar among congeners with Hemigrammus marginatus, with which it shares similar caudal-fin pigmentation pattern. The new species can be distinguished from Hemigrammus marginatus by possessing two conspicuous dark patches of pigmentation on caudal fin, occupying most of caudal-fin lobes, except the tips, by having two dark narrow stripes along anal-fin base, and by possessing 5-8 pored lateral line scales. The new species differs from Hyphessobrycon diancistrus, which is similar in color pattern and general body shape, by the presence of small scales on caudal-fin lobes, occupying approximately its basal third, by the presence of two narrow stripes along anal fin base, and by the absence of bony hooks on analfin in mature males. The occurrence of the new species in both Amazon and rio Paraná-Paraguai basins is discussed in order to clarify and expand recent discussions on the biogeographical relationships between both river systems. Copyright © 2015 Magnolia Press.39482218232Benine, R.C., Lopes, G.A.M., A new species of Hyphessobrycon (Characiformes: Characidae) from río Portuguesa, río Orinoco basin, Venezuela (2008) Zootaxa, 1747, pp. 61-68Britski, H.A., De Silimon, K., Lopes, B.S., (2007) Peixes do Pantanal - Manual de Identificação, p. 230. , 2nd Edition. Embrapa, BrasíliaCarvalho, F.R., Bertaco, V.A., Jerep, F.C., Hemigrammus tocantinsi: A new species from the upper rio Tocantins basin, Central Brazil (Characiformes: Characidae) (2010) Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (2), pp. 247-254. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252010000200002Carvalho, T.P., Albert, J.S., The Amazon - Paraguay divide (2011) Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes, pp. 193-202. , Albert, J. S. & Reis, R. E. Eds., University of California Press, BerkeleyCockerell, T.D.A., The scales of the South American characinid fishes (1914) Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 9, pp. 92-113Eigenmann, C.H., The American Characidae [II] (1918) Memoirs of Museum of Comparative Zoology, 43, pp. 103-208. , pls. 9-11, 13, 17-29, 33, 78-80, 93Ellis, M.D., On the species of Hasemania, Hyphessobrycon, and Hemigrammus collected by J. D. Haseman for the Carnegie Museum (1911) Annals of the Carnegie Museum, 8 (1), pp. 148-183. , pls. 1-3Fink, W.L., Weitzman, S.H., The so-called Cheirodontin fishes of Central America with descriptions of two new species (Pisces: Characidae) (1974) Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 172, pp. 1-46. , http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.172Géry, J., (1977) Characoids of the World, p. 672. , T. F. H. Publications, Neptune City, New JerseyGoulding, M., Carvalho, M.L., Ferreira, E.G., (1988) Rio Negro, Rich Life in Poor Waters, p. 200. , The Hague, SPB Academic PublishingJavonillo, R., Malabarba, L.R., Weitzman, S.H., Burns, J.R., Relationships among major lineages of characid fishes (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes), based on molecular sequence data (2010) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 54 (2), pp. 498-511. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2009.08.026Lima, F.C.T., Malabarba, L.R., Buckup, P.A., Silva, J.F.P., Vari, R.P., Harold, A., Benine, R., Lucinda, P.H.F., Genera incertae sedis in characidae (2003) Check List of the Freshwater Fishes of South and Central America, pp. 106-169. , Reis, R. E., Kullander, S. O. & Ferraris Jr., C. J. Eds., Edipucrs, Porto AlegreLima, F.C.T., Ribeiro, A.C., Continental-scale tectonic controls of biogeography and ecology (2011) Historical Biogeography of Neotropical Freshwater Fishes, pp. 145-164. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520268685.003.0009, Albert, J. S. & Reis, R. E. Eds., University of California Press, BerkeleyLima, F.C.T., Pires, T.H.S., Ohara, W.M., Jerep, F.C., Carvalho, F.R., Marinho, M.M.F., Zuanon, J.A.S., Characidae (2013) Peixes do Rio Madeira. Vol. I. A Ictiofauna do Rio Madeira, pp. 213-395. , Queiroz, L. J., Torrente-Vilara, G., Ohara, W. M., Pires, T. H. S., Zuanon, J. A. S. & Dória, C. Eds., Dialeto Latin American Documentary, São PauloMalabarba, L.R., Weitzman, S.H., Description of a new genus with six species from southern Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, with a discussion of a putative characid clade (Teleostei: Characiformes: Characidae) (2003) Comunicações do Museu de Ciências da PUCRS, Série Zoologia, 16, pp. 67-151Marinho, M.F., Dagosta, F.C.P., Birindelli, J.L.O., Hemigrammus ataktos: A new species from the rio Tocantins basin, Central Brasil (Characiformes: Characidae) (2014) Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (2), pp. 257-264. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130091Menezes, N.A., Weitzman, S.H., Two new species of Mimagoniates (Teleostei: Characidae: Glandulocaudinae), their phylogeny and biogeography and a key to the glandulocaudin fishes of Brazil and Paraguay (1990) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 103 (2), pp. 380-426Mirande, J.M., Weighted parsimony phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes) (2009) Cladistics, 25, pp. 1-40Mirande, J.M., Phylogeny of the family Characidae (Teleostei: Characiformes): From characters to taxonomy (2010) Neotropical Ichthyology, 8 (3), pp. 385-568. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252010000300001Oliveira, C., Avelino, G.S., Abe, K.T., Mariguela, T.C., Benine, R.C., Ort, G., Vari, R.P., Castro, R.M.C., Phylogenetic relationships within the speciose family Characidae (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Characiformes) based on multilocus analysis and extensive ingroup sampling (2011) BMC Evolutionary Biology, 11 (275), pp. 1-25. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-275Ota, R.P., Lima, F.C.T., Pavanelli, C.S., A new species of Hemigrammus Gill, 1858 (Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Madeira and rio Paraguai basins, with a redescription of H. Lunatus (2014) Neotropical Ichthyology, 12 (2), pp. 265-279. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20130176Ribeiro, A.C., Jacob, R.M., Silva, R.R.S.R., Lima, F.C.T., Ferreira, D.C., Ferreira, K.M., Mariguela, T.C., Oliveira, C., Distributions and phylogeographic data of rheophilic freshwater fishes provide evidences on the geographic extension of a central-brazilian amazonian palaeoplateau in the area of the present day Pantanal Wetland (2013) Neotropical Ichthyology, 11 (2), pp. 319-326. , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252013000200010Souza-Filho, P.W., Quadros, M.L.E.S., Scandolara, J.E., Silva Filho, E.P., Reis, M.R., Compartimentação morfoestrutural e neotectônica do sistema fluvial Guapor-Mamor-alto Madeira, Rondônia-Brasil (1999) Revista Brasileira de Geociências, 29 (4), pp. 469-476Taphorn, D.C., (1992) The Characiform Fishes from the Apure River Drainage, Venezuela. BioLlania Edición Especial - No. 4, Monografias Cientificas del Museo de Ciencias Naturales, p. 537. , UNELLEZ - Guanara, Estado Portuguesa, VenezuelaTaylor, W.R., Van Dyke, G.C., Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study (1985) Cybium, 9, pp. 107-109Vazzoler, A.E.A.M., (1996) Biologia da Reprodução de Peixes Teleósteos: Teoria e Prática, p. 169. , Maring, Editora Universidade Estadual de Maring, MaringVeríssimo, S., Pavanelli, C.S., Britski, H.A., Moreira, M.M.M., Fishes from the Manso Reservoir region of influence, rio Paraguay basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (2005) Check List, 1 (1), pp. 1-9. , http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/1.1.1Weitzman, S.H., Fink, W.L., Relationships of the neon tetras, a group of South American freshwater fishes (Teleostei, Characidae), with comments on the phylogeny of New World characiforms (1983) Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 150, pp. 339-39