Synthesis of Ni nanoparticles by femtosecond laser ablation in liquids: structure and sizing

Sem informaçãoSynthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) suspensions was performed using a 120 fs (femtosecond) pulse laser to ablate a Ni solid target in n-heptane and water. Analysis of structure, configuration, and sizing was carried out using different independent techniques, such as optical extinction spectroscopy (OES), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron diffraction (ED), which yield interrelated information. AFM microscopy allows determining the spherical shape and size distribution of the NPs in the obtained colloids, while TEM provides knowledge about shape, structure, and size distribution. ED allows identification of the different metal and metal oxide compositions as well as their crystallographic phase. On the other hand, OES gives information related to size distribution, structure, configuration, and composition. Interpretation of these spectra is based on Mie theory, which, in turn, depends on Ni dielectric function. For NP radii smaller than 3 nm, size-dependent free and bound electron contributions to the dielectric function must be considered. To account for the full size span, complete Mie expansion was used for optical extinction cross-section calculations. A theoretical analysis of the dependence of plasmon resonance of bare core and core-shell Ni NPs with core size and shell thickness provides insight about their spectroscopic features. For n-heptane, species like bare core Ni and hollow Ni NPs are found in the colloid, the latter being reported for the first time in this work. Instead, for water, the colloid contains hollow nickel NPs and nickel oxide in different core-shell configurations: Ni-NiO and NiO-Ni, the latter also being reported for the first time in this paper. In both cases, the size distribution agrees with that derived from TEM and AFM analysis. The formation of the oxide species is discussed in terms of oxidation-reduction processes during ablation. Possible mechanisms for the formation of hollow species are proposed. © 2015 American Chemical Society.Synthesis of nickel (Ni) nanoparticles (NPs) suspensions was performed using a 120 fs (femtosecond) pulse laser to ablate a Ni solid target in n-heptane and water. Analysis of structure, configuration, and sizing was carried out using different independent techniques, such as optical extinction spectroscopy (OES), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron diffraction (ED), which yield interrelated information. AFM microscopy allows determining the spherical shape and size distribution of the NPs in the obtained colloids, while TEM provides knowledge about shape, structure, and size distribution. ED allows identification of the different metal and metal oxide compositions as well as their crystallographic phase. On the other hand, OES gives information related to size distribution, structure, configuration, and composition. Interpretation of these spectra is based on Mie theory, which, in turn, depends on Ni dielectric function. For NP radii smaller than 3 nm, size-dependent free and bound electron contributions to the dielectric function must be considered. To account for the full size span, complete Mie expansion was used for optical extinction cross-section calculations. A theoretical analysis of the dependence of plasmon resonance of bare core and core-shell Ni NPs with core size and shell thickness provides insight about their spectroscopic features. For n-heptane, species like bare core Ni and hollow Ni NPs are found in the colloid, the latter being reported for the first time in this work. Instead, for water, the colloid contains hollow nickel NPs and nickel oxide in different core-shell configurations: Ni-NiO and NiO-Ni, the latter also being reported for the first time in this paper. In both cases, the size distribution agrees with that derived from TEM and AFM analysis. The formation of the oxide species is discussed in terms of oxidation-reduction processes during ablation. Possible mechanisms for the formation of hollow species are proposed.119231318413193Sem informaçãoSem informaçãoSem informaçãoBönnemann, H., Richards, R.M., Nanoscopic Metal Particles - Synthetic Methods and Potential Applications (2001) Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 2001, pp. 2455-2480Chen, C.C., Herhold, A.B., Johnson, C.S., Alivisatos, A.P., Size Dependence of Structural Metastability in Semiconductor Nanocrystals (1997) Science, 276, pp. 398-401Puntes, V.F., Krishnan, K.M., Alivisatos, A.P., Colloidal Nanocrystal Shape and Size Control: The Case of Cobalt (2001) Science, 291, pp. 2115-2117Andrade, A.L., Valente, M.A., Ferreira, J.M.F., Fabris, J.D., Preparation of Size-Controlled Nanoparticles of Magnetite (2012) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 324, pp. 1753-1757Hou, Y., Gao, S., Monodisperse Nickel Nanoparticles Prepared from a Monosurfactant System and Their Magnetic Properties (2003) J. 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Phys., 110, p. 043111Medford, J.A., Johnston-Peck, A.C., Tracy, J.B., Nanostructural Transformations during the Reduction of Hollow and Porous Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles (2013) Nanoscale, 5, pp. 155-159This work was granted by PIP 0394 and PIP 0720 of CONICET, PME2006-00018 of ANPCyT, grant 11/I151 of Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad Nacional de La Plata, and grant 11/X680 of Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina. We thank C2NANO - Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano) at Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNPEM)/MCT (nos. 14825 and 14827) and Research Proposal TEM-16976 for the use of TEM. AFM was carried out at LFAyM of Instituto de Física La Plata (IFLP - CONICET). We acknowledge Dr. Francisco Sánchez from Instituto de Física La Plata (IFLP - CONICET) for fruitful discussions on magnetic nanoparticles. D.C.S. is a Member of Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CIC). L.B.S., M.B.F.v.R., P.M.Z., and J.M.J.S. are researchers of CONICET. D.M. is a Member of Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin” (IFGW), Campinas, Brazil. D.M.A. and L.J.M.H. are Ph.D. fellows of CONICET, Argentina