Introduction to the Restoration of Astrophysical Images by Multiscale Transforms and Bayesian Methods

The image restoration is today an important part of the astrophysical data analysis. The denoising and the deblurring can be efficiently performed using multiscale transforms. The multiresolution analysis constitutes the fundamental pillar for these transforms. The discrete wavelet transform is introduced from the theory of the approximation by translated functions. The continuous wavelet transform carries out a generalization of multiscale representations from translated and dilated wavelets. The à trous algorithm furnishes its discrete redundant transform. The image denoising is first considered without any hypothesis on the signal distribution, on the basis of the a contrario detection. Different softening functions are introduced. The introduction of a regularization constraint may improve the results. The application of Bayesian methods leads to an automated adaptation of the softening function to the signal distribution. The MAP principle leads to the basis pursuit, a sparse decomposition on redundant dictionaries. Nevertheless the posterior expectation minimizes, scale per scale, the quadratic error. The proposed deconvolution algorithm is based on a coupling of the wavelet denoising with an iterative inversion algorithm. The different methods are illustrated by numerical experiments on a simulated image similar to images of the deep sky. A white Gaussian stationary noise was added with three levels. In the conclusion different important connected problems are tackled