The

Owners of structures and infrastructure base their maintenance decision schemes mainly on structural integrity assessment and consequence analysis. The major inputs come from information collected by inspections employing non-destructive or destructive tools. Uncertainties and errors of measurement can lead to bad decisions but these effects are rarely integrated into the decision making process. Risk Based Inspection (RBI) provides the basics for optimizing the maintenance plans of existing structures while ensuring satisfactory safety and availability of the structure during its service life. This basis depends both on computation of reliability index and probabilistic modeling of inspection results. Probabilistic modeling of inspection results leads to specifying the Probability of Detection (PoD), the Probability of False Alarms (PFA) and the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve that are usually considered as key parameters in RBI. Under these circumstances the comparison of Non destructive Testing (NDT) tools in terms of cost/benefit is difficult to be established as well as the method for optimizing a given technique. This paper starts from the αδ method that gives a new performance indicator in this context, and apply it to the field of inspection of steel harbor structures, after a detailed analysis of uncertainties during corrosion assessment by ultrasonic measurements