Application of numerical simulation in design and control of forming processes

A short overview is given of the development of the mixed Eulerian-Lagrangian formulation as a combination of the pure Eulerian and pure Lagrangian formulation. Emphasis is laid upon the formulation for forming processes, where the updating of material variables is important. Convection is added to the original Lagrangian method. Shortly, smoothing, the constitutive behaviour and a method to accelerate steady state calculations are treated. Two applications are shown : a rolling and an extrusion problem