Science Of Foams - Application In Fire-fighting [ciência De Espumas - Aplicação Na Extinção De Incêndios]

The structural characteristics of foams are responsible for a broad range of applications of this system. Foams produced by aqueous solutions of surfactant concentrates are used in fire-fighting due to their special properties as extinguishing agents. In the present paper we discuss the main aspects involved in fire-fighting, based on some properties of foams. Thermal and chemical stability, good wetting of surfaces, cooling effect by water drained from the bubbles, isolation of the air from the burning surface and suppression of flammable vapors are some of the factors involved in the extinguishment of fire by foams.221126130McCormick, C.L., Morgan, S.H., (1990) Prog. Polym. Sci., 15, p. 507Hoyer, K., Gyr, A., (1996) J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech, 65, p. 221Bikerman, J.J., (1970) Physical Surfaces, p. 133. , Academic Press, New YorkNarsimhan, G., Ruckenstein, E., (1986) Langmuir, 2, p. 494Sandor, N., Racz, G., (1993) Acta Chimica Bulgaria - Models in Chemistry, 130, p. 873Baets, P.J.M., Stein, H.N., (1992) Langmuir, 8, p. 3099Schukin, E.D., Pertsov, A.V., Amélina, E.A., (1988) Química Coloidal, p. 301. , Editorial Mir, MoscouBhakta, A., Ruckenstein, E., (1995) Langmuir, 11, p. 1486Gururaj, M., Kumar, R., Gandhi, K.S., (1995) Langmuir, 11, p. 1381Isenberg, C., (1992) The Science of Soaps Films and Soap Bubbles, , Dover Publications Inc., New YorkRoss, S., (1969) Ind. and Eng. Chem, 61, p. 48Folienserie des Fonds der Chemischen Industrie, ISSN 0174-366 X, 1987Tam, W.Y., Chae, J.J., Burnett, G.D., Almeida, R.M.C., Tabor, M., (1995) Phys. Rev. e, 51, p. 5788Zaniquelli, M.E.D., (1987) Tese de Doutorado, , Universidade Estadual de CampinasSalager, J.L., Iglesias, E., Anderez, J., Forgiarini, A., (1995) Colloids Surfaces A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects, 95, p. 167Ivanov, I.B., Dimitrov, D.S., (1988) Thin Liquid Filins - Fundamentals and Applications, , Ivanov, I.B., EdMarcel Dekker Inc., New YorkWasan, D.T., Huang, D.D., Nikolov, A., (1986) Langmuir, 2, p. 672Cohen-Addad, S., Meglio, J.M., (1994) Langmuir, 10, p. 773Boys, C.V., (1959) Soap Bubbles-Their Colors and Forces Which Mold Them, , Dover Publications Inc., New YorkKlein, M.L., Gamba, Z., Hautman, J., Shelley, J.C., (1992) Langmuir, 8, p. 3155Ruckenstein, E., Sharma, A., (1987) J. Colloid Interface Sci., 119, p. 14Miller, C.A., Neogi, P., (1985) Interfacial Phenomena- Equilibrium and Dynamic Effects, , Marcel Dekker Inc., New YorkDerjaguin, B.V., Abricossova, I.I., Titigevskaia, A.S., Malkina, A.D., (1954) Discuss. Faraday Soc., 18, p. 24Epstein, M.B., Ross, J., Conroy, L.E., Jakob, C.W., Wilson, A., (1954) J. Phys. Chem., 58, p. 860Khilar, K.C., Pradhan, M.S., Sita Ram Sarma, D.S.H., (1990) J. Colloid Int. Sci., 139, p. 519Vrij, A., Overbeek, J.T.G., (1968) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 90, p. 3074(1994) Espuma para Combate a Incêndio(1988) Light Water AFFFCasey, J.F., (1984) Fire Service Hydraulics, , Fire Engineering, New York(1983) Foam Equipment and Liquid Concentrates, , Underwriters Laboratories Inc(1983) Projeto de Sistemas de Combate a Incêndio Com Água e Espuma para Áreas de Armazenamento e Transferência de Álcool Etílico, , Petróleo Brasileiro S. A(1992) Sistema de Combate a Incêndio Par Espuma, , Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas(1993) Líquida Gerador de Espuma de Película Aquosa (AFFF) à 3% para Uso Aeronáutico, , Associação Brasileira de Normas TécnicasPorter, M.R., (1991) Handbook of Surfactants, , Blackie & Son Ltd., LondresInformações obtidas através do SESIN/REPLA