Sequential extraction of bioactive compounds from melia azedarach L. in fixed bed extractor using CO2, ethanol and water

Melia azedarach L. is a plant with wide use in folk medicine since it contains many bioactive compounds ofinterest. The present study aimed to extract bioactive compounds from M. azedarach fruits by a sequentialprocess in fixed bed using various solvent mixtures. Extractions were performed at 50°C and 300 bar infour sequential steps using supercritical CO2(scCO2), scCO2/ethanol, pure ethanol, and ethanol/watermixture as solvents, respectively. The efficacy of the extraction process was evaluated by extraction yieldand kinetics, and analysis of extracts by: (1) thin layer chromatography (TLC), (2) phenolics content,(3) reduction of surface tension of water, (4) gas chromatography (GCMS), (5) electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry (ESIMS) and (6) antiviral activity. The overall extraction yield reached 45% andTLC analysis showed extracts with different composition. extract obtained from CO2/ethanol mixture(SCEE) exhibited the greatest ability to reduce surface tension of water from 72.4 mN m?1[1] of purewater to 26.9 mN m?1of an aqueous solution of 40 g L?1. The highest phenolics contents were observedin both the hydroalcoholic extract and scCO2/ethanolic extract. Volatile oils were not detected in thesupercritical extracts by GCMS. MS analyses identified the fatty acids: linoleic, palmitic and myristicacid in the supercritical extract (SCE), and the phenolics: caffeic acid and malic acid in the other extracts.In addition, SCE and SCEE extracts showed significant inhibition percentage against Herpes Simplex VirusType 1. The extraction process proposed in the present study produced extracts with significant potentialfor application in food and pharmaceutical industries.Melia azedarach L. is a plant with wide use in folk medicine since it contains many bioactive compounds of interest. The present study aimed to extract bioactive compounds from M. azedarach fruits by a sequential process in fixed bed using various solvent95355363FAPESP - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULOCNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO2012/20736-9131022/2012-1Bitencourt, R.G., Queiroga, C.L., Montanari Junior, I., Cabral, F.A., Fractionated extraction of saponins from Brazilian ginseng by sequential process using supercritical CO2, ethanol and water (2014) J. Supercritical Fluids, 92, pp. 272-281Al-Rubae, A.Y., The potential uses of Melia azedarach L. As pesticidal and medicinal plant, review (2009) American-Eurasian J. 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