A Methodology To Measure Cervical Vertebral Bone Maturation In A Sample From Low-income Children

This study evaluated the applicability of the regression method for determining vertebral age developed by Caldas et al. (2007) by testing this method in children from low-income families of the rural zone. The sample comprised cephalometric and hand-wrist radiographs of 76 boys and 64 girls aged 7.0 to 14.9 years living in a medium-sized city in the desert region of the northeastern region of Brazil, with an HDI of 0.678. C3 and C4 vertebrae were traced and measured on cephalometric radiographs to estimate the bone age. The average age, average hand-wrist age and average error estimated for girls and boys were, respectively, 10.62 and 10.44 years, 11.28 and 10.57 years, and 1.42 and 1.18 years. Based on these results, the formula proposed by Caldas et al. (2007) was not applicable to the studied population, and new multiple regression models were developed to obtain the children's vertebral bone age accurately.2413034Sachan, K., Sharma, V.P., Tandon, P., A correlative study of dental age and skeletal maturation (2011) Indian J Dent Res, 22, p. 882Mahajan, S., Evaluation of skeletal maturation by comparing the hand wrist radiograph and cervical vertebrae as seen in lateral cephalogram (2011) Indian J Dent Res, 22, pp. 309-316Franchi, L., Baccetti, T., McNamara, J.A., Mandibular growth as related to cervical vertebral maturation and body height (2000) Am J Orthop Dentofacial Orthop, 118, pp. 335-340Zhao, X.G., Lin, J., Jiang, J.H., Wang, Q., Ng, S.H., Validity and reliability of a method for assessment of cervical vertebral maturation (2012) Angle Orthod, 82, pp. 229-234Damian, M.F., Woitchunas, F.E., Cericato, G.O., Cechinato, F., Moro, G., Masochin, M.E., Reliability and correlation analysis of two skeletal maturation evaluation indexes: Hand-wrist index and cervical vertebrae index (2006) R Dental Press Ortodon Ortop Facial, 11, pp. 110-120Caldas, M.P., Ambrosano, G.M.B., Neto, F.H., New formula to objectively evaluate skeletal maturation using lateral cephalometric radiographs (2007) Braz Oral Res, 21, pp. 330-335Mahjan, S., Evaluation of skeletal maturation by comparing the hand wrist radiograph and cervical vertebrae as seen in lateral cephalogram (2011) Indian J Dent Res, 22, pp. 309-316Mito, T., Sato, K., Mitani, H., Cervical vertebral bone age in girls (2002) Am J Orthop Dentofacial Orthop, 122, pp. 380-385San, R.P., Palma, J.C., Oteo, M.D., Nevado, E., Skeletal maturation determined by cervical vertebrae development (2002) Eur J Orthod, 24, pp. 303-311Franco, A.A., Santana, A.H., Santana, I.S., Melo, M.F.B., Junior, J.H.S., Radiographic determination of skeletal maturity and the importance to diagnosis and orthodontic treatment (1996) Ortodontia, 29, pp. 53-59Camargo, G.T.L., Cunha, T.G.E., Study of the synchronism among skeletal age, dental age and vertebral age with the chronological age (2007) SOTAU R Virtual Odontol, 2, pp. 2-7Plasschaert, A.S., Generoso, R., Armond, M.C., Paixão, M.P.M., Rocha, B.E.P.M., Comparative study of inspectional and computerized analyses of cervical vertebrae bone maturation (2008) Rev ABRO, 9, pp. 33-41Tetradis, S., Kantor, M.L., Prevalence of skeletal and dental anomalies and normal variants seen in cephalometric and other radiographs of orthodontic patients (1999) Am J Orthop Dentofacial Orthop, 116, pp. 572-577Flores-Mir, C., Burgess, C.A., Champney, M., Jensen, R.J., Pitcher, M.R., Major, P.W., Correlation of skeletal maturation stages determined by cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist evaluations (2006) Angle Orthod, 76, pp. 1-5Jaqueira, L.M.F., Armond, M.C., Pereira, L.J., Alcântara, C.E.P., Marques, L.S., Determining skeletal maturation stage using cervical vertebrae: Evaluation of three diagnostic methods (2010) Braz Oral Res, 24, pp. 433-437Hassel, B., Farman, A.G., Skeletal maturation evaluation using cervical vertebrae (1995) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 107, pp. 58-66Baccetti, T., Franchi, L., McNamara Jr, J.A., An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth (2002) Angle Orthod, 72. , 316-223Seedat, A.K., Forsberg, C.D., An evaluation of the third cervical vertebra (C3) as a growth indicator in Black subjects SADJ 2005;60, 156, pp. 158-160Caldas, M.P., Ambrosano, G.M.B., Neto, F.H., Computer-assisted analysis of cervical vertebral bone age using cephalometric radiographs in Brazilian subjects (2010) Braz Oral Res, 24, pp. 120-126Kirby, M., Danner, E., Nutritional deficiencies in children on restricted diets (2009) Pediatr Clin N Am, 56, pp. 1085-1103Cheng, G., Gerlach, S., Libuda, L., Kranz, S., Günther, A.L.B., Karaolis-Danckert, N., Diet quality in childhood is prospectively associated with the timing of puberty but not with body composition at puberty onset (2010) J Nutr, 140, pp. 95-102Tanner, J.M., Whitehouse, R.H., Standards for skeletal maturation (1959) Paris: International Children's Cente