Antioxidant Activity Of Hydrophilic And Lipophilic Extracts Of Brazilian Blueberries

Hydrophilic and lipophilic extracts of ten cultivars of Highbush and Rabbiteye Brazilian blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L. and Vacciniumashei Reade, respectively) that are used for commercial production were analysed for antioxidant activity by the FRAP, ORAC, ABTS and β-carotene-linoleate methods. Results were correlated to the amounts of carotenoids, total phenolics and anthocyanins. Brazilian blueberries had relatively high concentration of total phenolics (1622-3457 mg gallic acid equivalents per 100 g DW) and total anthocyanins (140-318 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents per 100 g DW), as well as being a good source of carotenoids. There was a higher positive correlation between the amounts of these compounds and the antioxidant activity of hydrophilic compared to lipophilic extracts. There were also significant differences in the level of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities between different cultivars, production location and year of cultivation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1648188Agati, G., Azzarello, E., Pollastri, S., Tattini, M., Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: Location and functional significance (2012) Plant Science, 196, pp. 67-76Arancibia-Avila, P., Namiesnik, J., Toledo, F., Werner, E., Martinez-Ayala, A.L., Rocha-Guzmán, N.E., The influence of different time durations of thermal processing on berries quality (2012) Food Control, 26, pp. 587-593Barcia, M.T., Jacques, A.C., Pertuzatti, P.B., Zambiazi, R.C., Determination by HPLC of ascorbic acid and tocopherols in fruits (2010) Semina: Ciências Agrárias, 31, pp. 381-390Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J., The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay (1996) Analytical Biochemistry, 239, pp. 70-76Bochi, V.C., Barcia, M., Rodrigues, D., Speroni, C.S., Giusti, M.M., Godoy, H.T., Polyphenol extraction optimization from Ceylon gooseberry (Dovyalis hebecarpa) pulp (2014) Food Chemistry, , 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.031Castrejón, A.D.R., Eichholz, I., Rohn, S., Kroh, L.W., Huyskens-Keil, S., Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) during fruit maturation and ripening (2008) Food Chemistry, 109, pp. 564-572Connor, A.M., Luby, J.J., Tong, C.B.S., Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts (2002) Journal of American Society Horticultural Science, 127 (2), pp. 238-244Dastmalchi, K., Flores, G., Petrova, V., Pedraza-Peñalosa, P., Kennedy, E.J., Edible neotropical blueberries: Antioxidant and compositional fingerprint analysis (2011) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 59, pp. 3020-3026Dávalos, A., Gómez-Cordovés, C., Batolomé, B., Extending applicability of the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC-fluorescein) assay (2004) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, pp. 48-54Gao, L., Mazza, G., Quantitation and distribution of simple and acylated anthocyanins and other phenolics in blueberries (1994) Journal of Food Science, 59, pp. 1057-1059Giusti, M.M., Jing, P., Natural pigments of berries: Functionality and application (2007) Berry Fruit: Value-added Products for Health Promotion, , Y. Zhao, CRC PressGiusti, M., Wrolstad, R.E., Characterization and measurement of anthocyanins by UV-visible spectroscopy (2001) Current Protocols in Food Analytical Chemistry, 61, pp. 322-326Hakkinen, S.H., Torronen, A.R., Content of flavonols and selected phenolic acids in strawberries and Vaccinium species: Influence of cultivar, cultivation site and technique (2000) Food Research International, 33 (6), pp. 517-524. , DOI 10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00086-7, PII S0963996900000867(2013) Estações Automáticas: Gráficos, , http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=home/page%26page= rede_estacoes_auto_graf, INMET (Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia, Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Brasil) Accessed 04.01.13Jacques, A.C., Pertuzatti, P.B., Barcia, M.T., Zambiazi, R.C., Scientific notes: Bioactive compounds in small fruits cultivated in the southern region of Brazil (2009) Brazilian Journal of Food Technology, 12, pp. 123-127Jacques, A.C., Pertuzatti, P.B., Barcia, M.T., Zambiazi, R.C., Chim, J.F., Stability of bioactive compounds in frozen pulp of blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) cv. Tupy (2010) Química Nova, 33, pp. 1720-1725Kotíková, Z., Lachman, J., Hejtmánková, A., Hejtmánková, K., Determination of antioxidant activity and antioxidant content in tomato varieties and evaluation of mutual interactions between antioxidants (2011) LWT - Food Science and Technology, 44, pp. 1703-1710Krikorian, R., Shidler, M.D., Nash, T.A., Kalt, W., Vinqvist-Tymchuk, M.R., Shukitt-Hale, B., Blueberry supplementation improves memory in older adults (2010) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58, pp. 3996-4000Marco, G.J., A rapid method for evaluation of antioxidants (1968) The Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 45, pp. 594-598Marinova, D., Ribarova, F., HPLC determination of carotenoids in Bulgarian berries (2007) Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 20 (5), pp. 370-374. , DOI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.09.007, PII S0889157506001918Melo, E.A., Maciel, M.I.S., Lima, V.L.A.G., Nascimento, R.J., Capacidade antioxidante de frutas (2008) Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 44 (2), pp. 193-201Moraes, J.O., Pertuzatti, P.B., Corrêa, F.V., Salas-Mellado, M.M., Study of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) in the process of food products (2007) Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 27 (SUPPL.), pp. 18-22Moyer, R.A., Hummer, K.E., Finn, C.E., Frei, B., Wrolstad, R.E., Anthocyanins, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity in diverse small fruits: Vaccinium, Rubus, and Ribes (2002) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50 (3), pp. 519-525. , DOI 10.1021/jf011062rNile, S.H., Park, S.W., Edible berries: Bioactive components and their effect on human health (2014) Nutrition, 30, pp. 134-144Ou, B., Hampsch-Woodill, M., Prior, R.L., Development and validation of an improved oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay using fluorescein as the fluorescent probe (2001) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49 (10), pp. 4619-4626. , DOI 10.1021/jf010586oPertuzatti, P.B., Barcia, M.T., Jacques, A.C., Vizzotto, M., Godoy, H.T., Zambiazi, R.C., Quantification of several bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of six cultivars of Brazilian blueberry (2012) The Natural Products Journal, 2, pp. 188-195Prior, R.L., Cao, G., Martin, A., Sofic, E., McEwen, J., O'Brien, C., Lischner, N., Mainland, C.M., Antioxidant Capacity as Influenced by Total Phenolic and Anthocyanin Content, Maturity, and Variety of Vaccinium Species (1998) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46 (7), pp. 2686-2693Prior, R.L., Hoang, H., Gu, L., Wu, X., Bacchioga, M., Howard, L., Assays for Hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORACFL)) of plasma and other biological and food samples (2003) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 51, pp. 3273-3279Re, R., Pellegrini, N., Proteggente, A., Pannala, A., Yang, M., Rice-Evans, C., Antioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation decolorization assay (1999) Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 26 (9-10), pp. 1231-1237. , DOI 10.1016/S0891-5849(98)00315-3, PII S0891584998003153Rebello, L.P.G., Ramos, A.M., Pertuzatti, P.B., Barcia, M.T., Castillo-Muñoz, N., Hermosín-Gutiérrez, I., Flour of banana (Musa AAA) peel as a source of antioxidant phenolic compounds (2014) Food Research International, 55, pp. 397-403Rodriguez-Amaya, D.B., (2001) A Guide to Carotenoid Analysis in Foods, , ILSI Press Washington, DCRodriguez-Amaya, D.B., Kimura, M., Amaya-Farfan, (2008) Fontes Brasileiras de Carotenoides: Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Carotenoides em Alimentos, , MMA/SBF BrasíliaSeeram, N.P., Adams, L.S., Zhang, Y., Lee, R., Sand, D., Scheuller, H.S., Heber, D., Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, red raspberry, and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimulate apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro (2006) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 54 (25), pp. 9329-9339. , DOI 10.1021/jf061750gSingleton, V.L., Orthofer, R., Lamuela-Raventos, R.M., Analysis of total phenols and others oxidation substrates and antioxidants by means of folin-ciocaulteau reagent (1999) Methods in Enzymology, 299, p. 152Smith, S.H., Tate, P.L., Huang, G., Magee, J.B., Meepagala, K.M., Wedge, D.E., Larcom, L.L., Antimutagenic activity of berry extracts (2004) Journal of Medicinal Food, 7 (4), pp. 450-455Taruscio, T.G., Barney, D.L., Exon, J., Content and profile of flavonoid and phenolic acid compounds in conjunction with the antioxidant capacity for a variety of northwest Vaccinium berries (2004) Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 52, pp. 3169-3176Thaipong, K., Boonprakob, U., Crosby, K., Cisneros-Zevallos, L., Hawkins Byrne, D., Comparison of ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC assays for estimating antioxidant activity from guava fruit extracts (2006) Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 19 (6-7), pp. 669-675. , DOI 10.1016/j.jfca.2006.01.003, PII S0889157506000081Wang, S.Y., Chen, H., Camp, M.J., Ehlenfeldt, M.K., Genotype and growing season influence blueberry antioxidant capacity and other quality attributes (2012) International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 47, pp. 1540-154