Evolutionary Algorithms Applied To Microstrip Antennas Design

This work presents and compares three evolutionary algorithms (EAs), each one from three of the main trends in literature: genetic algorithm (GA), evolutionary programming (EP), and evolutionary strategies (ES). They are validated and applied to optimize microstrip antennas (MSA) design in single and multiobjective approaches. The effect of random numbers with different distributions (Uniform, Gaussian, Cauchy and hybrid Gaussian-Cauchy) used by genetic operators is analysed. A CAD Model based on Cavity Method is used to assess MSAs. Standing wave ratio (SWR), bandwidth (BW), and radiation efficiency (er) are optimized parameters. Average maximum values for fitness are obtained and compared fore each case. Through the multiobjective approach, each EA generates the Pareto Frontier for the problem. Finally, the ability of each algorithm to find dominants individuals is compared, what allows the assessment or their efficiency.200711961Eiben, A.E., Hinterding, R., Michalewicz, Z., Parameter Control in Evolutionary Algorithms (1999) IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 3 (2), pp. 124-141Hoorfar, A., Evolutionary programming in electromagnetic optimization: A review (2007) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 55 (3), pp. 523-537Balanis, C.A., (2005) Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design, , John Wiley & Sons, IncCoello, C.A.C., An updated survey of evolutionary multiobjective optimization techniques: State of art and future trends (1999) Proceedings of the Congress on Evolutionary Computation IEEE Press, 1, pp. 3-13Coello, C.A.C., Evolutionary multi-objective optimization: A historical view of the field (2006) IEEE Comp. Intelligence Mag., 1 (1), pp. 28-36(2006), www.cst.com, Microwave Studio accessed in July 2007Zitzler, E., Thiele, L., Deb, K., Comparison of multiobjective evolutionary algorithms: Empirical results (2000) Evolutionary Computation, 8 (2), pp. 173-195Ares-Pena, F.J., Rodriguez-Gonzalez, J.A., Villanueva-Lopez, E., Rengarajan, S.R., Genetic algorithms in the design and optimization of antenna array patterns (1999) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 47 (3), pp. 506-510Coelho, G.P., Von Zuben, F.J., Omni-aiNet: An Immune-Inspired Approach for Omni Optimization (2006) ICARIS-2006, pp. 294-308Beyer, H.G., Schwefel, H.P., Evolution Strategies a comprehensive introduction (2002) Natural Computing 1, pp. 3-52. , Kluwer Academic PublishersTeo, J., Abbas, H.A., Multiobjectivity and complexity in embodied cognition (2005) IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, 9 (4), pp. 337-360Lee, K.F., Chen, W., (1997) Advances in Microstrip and Printed Antennas, , J. Wiley & Sons New YorkGhorbani, K., Waterhouse, R.B., Ultrabroadband printed (UBP) antenna (2002) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 50 (12), pp. 1697-1705De Castro, L.N., Von Zuben, F.J., (2005) Recent Developments in Biologically Inspired Computing, , Idea Group Inc. USADe Castro, L.N., (2006) Fundamentals of Natural Computing Basic Concepts, Algorithms, and Applications, , Chapman & Hall/CRC Taylor and Francis Group USAMitchell, M., (1998) An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, , First MIT Press USATomassini, M., Evolutionary Algorithms (1996) Towards Evolvable Hardware: The Evolutionary Engineering Approach, pp. 19-47. , in E. Sanchez, M. Tomassini (Eds) LNCS 1062 Springer-VerlagGarg, R., Bhartia, P., Bahl, P., Ittipiboon, A., (2001) Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook, , Artech House BostonHaupt, R.L., Antenna design with a mixed integer genetic algorithm (2007) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 55 (3), pp. 577-582Targonski, S.D., Waterhouse, R.B., Pozar, D.M., Design of wide-band aperture-stacked patch microstrip antennas (1998) IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagation, 46 (9), pp. 1245-1251Bäck, T., Fogel, D.B., Michalewicz, Z., (2000) Evolutionary Computation 1: Basic Algorithms and Operators, , Institute of Physics Publishing, USABäck, T., Fogel, D.B., Michalewicz, Z., (2000) Evolutionary Computation 2: Advanced Algorithms and Operators, , Institute of Physics Publishing, US