Field Emission Properties Of The Graphenated Carbon Nanotube Electrode

Reduced graphene oxide-coated carbon nanotubes (RGO-CNT) electrodes have been prepared by hot filament chemical vapour deposition system in one-step growth process. We studied RGO-CNT electrodes behaviour as cold cathode in field emission test. Our results show that RGO-CNT retain the low threshold voltage typical of CNTs, but with greatly improved emission current stability. The field emission enhancement value is significantly higher than that expected being caused by geometric effect (height divided by the radius of nanotube). This suggested that the field emission of this hybrid structure is not only from a single tip, but eventually it is from several tips with contribution of graphene nanosheets at CNT's walls. This phenomenon explains why the graphenated carbon nanotubes do not burn out as quickly as CNT does until emission ceases completely. These preliminaries results make nanocarbon materials good candidates for applications as electron sources for several devices.324174178Groning, O., Kuttel, O.M., Emmenegger, C., Groning, P., Schlapbach, L., Field emission properties of carbon nanotubes (2000) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 18 (2), pp. 665-678Getty, S.A., Auciello, O., Sumant, A.V., Wang, X., Glavin, D.P., Mahaffy, P.R., (2010) Characterization of Nitrogen-Incorporated Ultrananocrystalline Diamond As A Robust Cold Cathode Material, , Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology Sensors, Systems, and Applications II, Orlando, FLCui, J.B., Ristein, J., Ley, L., Low-threshold electron emission from diamond (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60 (23), pp. 16135-16142Chatterjee, V., Harniman, R., May, P.W., Barhai, P.K., Direct observation of electron emission from the grain boundaries of chemical vapour deposition diamond films by tunneling atomic force microscopy (2014) Appl. Phys. Lett., 104 (17)Milne, W.I., Teo, K.B.K., Minoux, E., Groening, O., Gangloff, L., Hudanski, L., Schnell, J.P., Amaratunga, G.A.J., Aligned carbon nanotubes/fibers for applications in vacuum microwave amplifiers (2006) J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, 24 (1), pp. 345-348Orlanducci, S., Guglielmotti, V., Cianchetta, I., Sessa, V., Tamburri, E., Toschi, F., Terranova, M.L., Rossi, M., One-step growth and shaping by a dual-plasma reactor of diamond nanocones arrays for the assembling of stable cold cathodes (2012) Nanosci. Nanotechnol. Lett., 4 (3), pp. 338-343Zanin, H., May, P.W., Hamanaka, M.H.M.O., Corat, E.J., Field emission from hybrid diamond-like carbon and carbon nanotube composite structures (2013) ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 5 (23), pp. 12238-12243Xiao, X., Auciello, O., Cui, H., Lowndes, D.H., Merkulov, V.L., Carlisle, J., Synthesis and field emission properties of hybrid structures of ultrananocrystalline diamond and vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (2006) Diamond Relat. Mater., 15 (23), pp. 244-247Zou, Y., May, P.W., Vieira, S.M.C., Fox, N.A., Field emission from diamond-coated multiwalled carbon nanotube "teepee" structures (2012) J. Appl. Phys., 112 (4)Chen, G., Shin, D.H., Kim, S., Roth, S., Lee, C.J., Improved field emission stability of thin multiwalled carbon nanotube emitters (2010) Nanotechnology, 21 (1)Pandey, A., Prasad, A., Moscatello, J.P., Engelhard, M., Wang, C., Yap, Y.K., Very stable electron field emission from strontium titanate coated carbon nanotube matrices with low emission thresholds (2013) ACS Nano, 7 (1), pp. 117-125Hollanda, L.M., Lobo, A.O., Lancellotti, M., Berni, E., Corat, E.J., Zanin, H., Graphene and carbon nanotube nanocomposite for gene transfection (2014) Mater. Sci. Eng. C: Mater. Biol. Appl., 39, pp. 288-298Jiao, L., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Diankov, G., Dai, H., Narrow graphene nanoribbons from carbon nanotubes (2009) Nature, 458, pp. 877-880Geim, A.K., Novoselov, K.S., The rise of graphene (2007) Nat. Mater., 6 (3), pp. 183-191Gokus, T., Nair, R.R., Bonetti, A., Boehmler, M., Lombardo, A., Novoselov, K.S., Geim, A.K., Hartschuh, A., Making graphene luminescent by oxygen plasma treatment (2009) ACS Nano, 3 (12), pp. 3963-3968Eda, G., Unalan, H.E., Rupesinghe, N., Amaratunga, G.A.J., Chhowalla, M., Field emission from graphene based composite thin films (2008) Appl. Phys. Lett., 93 (23)Malesevic, A., Kemps, R., Vanhulsel, A., Chowdhury, M.P., Volodin, A., Van Haesendonck, C., Field emission from vertically aligned few-layer graphene (2008) J. Appl. Phys., 104 (8)Qian, M., Feng, T., Ding, H., Lin, L., Li, H., Chen, Y., Sun, Z., Electron field emission from screen-printed graphene films (2009) Nanotechnology, 20 (42)Huang, Y., Wang, W., She, J., Li, Z., Deng, S., Correlation between carbon-oxygen atomic ratio and field emission performance of few-layer reduced graphite oxide (2012) Carbon, 50 (7), pp. 2657-2665Kung, S.C., Hwang, K.C., Lin, I.N., Oxygen and ozone oxidation-enhanced field emission of carbon nanotubes (2002) Appl. Phys. Lett., 80 (25), pp. 4819-4821Mathur, A., Roy, S.S., Hazra, K.S., Wadhwa, S., Ray, S.C., Mitra, S.K., Misra, D.S., McLaughlin, J.A., Oxygen plasma assisted end-opening and field emission enhancement in vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes (2012) Mater. Chem. Phys., 134 (1), pp. 425-429Kurt, R., Klinke, C., Bonard, J.M., Kern, K., Karimi, A., Tailoring the diameter of decorated C-N nanotubes by temperature variations using HF-CVD (2001) Carbon, 39 (14), pp. 2163-2172Parker, C.B., Raut, A.S., Brown, B., Stoner, B.R., Glass, J.T., Three-dimensional arrays of graphenated carbon nanotubes (2012) J. Mater. Res., 27 (7), pp. 1046-1053Zanin, H., Margraf-Ferreira, A., Da Silva, N.S., Marciano, F.R., Corat, E.J., Lobo, A.O., Graphene and carbon nanotube composite enabling a new prospective treatment for trichomoniasis disease (2014) Mater. Sci. Eng. C: Mater. Biol. Appl., 41, pp. 65-69Zanin, H., May, P.W., Lobo, A.O., Saito, E., Machado, J.P.B., Martins, G., Trava-Airoldi, V.J., Corat, E.J., Effect of multi-walled carbon nanotubes incorporation on the structure, optical and electrochemical properties of diamond-like carbon thin films (2014) J. Electrochem. Soc., 161 (5), pp. H290-H295Tsukada, J., Zanin, H., Barbosa, L.C.A., Da Silva, G.A., Ceragioli, H.J., Peterlevitz, A.C., Teofilo, R.F., Baranauskas, V., Electro-deposition of carbon structures at mid voltage and room temperature using ethanol/aqueous solutions (2012) J. Electrochem. Soc., 159 (3), pp. D159-D161Zanin, H., Saito, E., Ceragioli, H.J., Baranauskas, V., Corat, E.J., Reduced graphene oxide and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes superhydrophilic films for supercapacitors devices (2014) Mater. Res. Bull., 49 (48), pp. 7-493Antunes, E.F., Lobo, A.O., Corat, E.J., Trava-Airoldi, V.J., Martin, A.A., Verissimo, C., Comparative study of first- and second-order Raman spectra of MWCNT at visible and infrared laser excitation (2006) Carbon, 44 (11), pp. 2202-2211Grinet, M.A.V.M., Zanin, H., Campos Granata, A.E., Porcionatto, M., Marciano, F.R., Lobo, A.O., Fast preparation of free-standing nanohydroxyapatite-vertically aligned carbon nanotube scaffolds (2014) J. Mater. Chem. B, 2 (9), pp. 1196-1204Kundu, S., Nagaiah, T.C., Xia, W., Wang, Y., Van Dommele, S., Bitter, J.H., Santa, M., Muhlerf, M., Electrocatalytic activity and stability of nitrogen-containing carbon nanotubes in the oxygen reduction reaction (2009) J. Phys. Chem. C, 113 (32), pp. 14302-14310Zanin, H., Saito, E., Marciano, F.R., Ceragioli, H.J., Campos Granato, A.E., Porcionatto, M., Lobo, A.O., Fast preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite/superhydrophilic reduced graphene oxide composites for bioactive applications (2013) J. Mater. Chem. B, 1 (38), pp. 4947-4955Liu, J., Zeng, B., Wang, X., Wang, W., Shi, H., One-step growth of vertical graphene sheets on carbon nanotubes and their field emission properties (2013) Appl. Phys. Lett., 103 (5)Chen, G., Futaba, D.N., Kimura, H., Sakurai, S., Yumura, M., Hata, K., Absence of an ideal single-walled carbon nanotube forest structure for thermal and electrical conductivities (2013) ACS Nano, 7 (11), pp. 10218-1022