Pollination And Breeding System Of Canna Paniculata (cannaceae) In A Montane Atlantic Rainforest: Asymmetric Dependence On A Hermit Hummingbird

We studied the pollination biology of Canna paniculata (Cannaceae), a plant species common in the Atlantic Rainforest of southeastern Brazil. The species presents specialized ornithophilous flowers, which in our study area are solely pollinated by the hermit hummingbird Phaethornis eurynome. Although C. paniculata is capable of bearing fruit after self-pollination, it requires pollinators for reproduction. We discuss the importance of hermit hummingbirds for the reproduction of specialized ornithophilous plants such as C. paniculata, including their asymmetric dependence on hermit hummingbirds - core pollinators in Neotropical forest ecosystems.291157160Cronk, Q., Ojeda, I., Bird-pollinated flowers in an evolutionary and molecular context (2008) Journal of Experimental Botany, 59, pp. 715-727Glinos, E., Cocucci, A.A., Pollination biology of Canna indica (Cannaceae) with particular reference to the functional morphology of the style (2011) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 291, pp. 49-58Justino, D.G., Maruyama, P.K., Oliveira, P.E., Floral resource availability and hummingbird territorial behaviour on a Neotropical savanna shrub (2012) Journal of Ornithology, 153, pp. 189-197Kay, K.M., Schemske, D.W., Pollinator assemblages and visitation rates for 11 species of Neotropical Costus (Costaceae) (2003) Biotropica, 35, pp. 198-207Maruyama, P.K., Oliveira, G.M., Ferreira, C., Dalsgaard, B., Oliveira, P.E., Pollination syndromes ignored: Importance of non-ornithophilous flowers to Neotropical savanna hummingbirds (2013) Naturwissenschaften, 100, pp. 1061-1068Maruyama, P.K., Vizentin-Bugoni, J., Oliveira, G.M., Oliveira, P.E., Dalsgaard, B., Morphological and spatio-temporal mismatches shape a Neotropical savanna plant-hummingbird network (2014) Biotropica, 46, pp. 740-747Matallana, G., Godinho, M.A.S., Guilherme, F.A.G., Belisario, M., Coser, T.S., Wendt, T., Breeding systems of Bromeliaceae species: Evolution of selfing in the context of sympatric occurrence (2010) Plant Systematics and Evolution, 289, pp. 57-67McGuire, J.A., Witt, C.C., Remsen, J.V., Jr., Molecular phylogenetics and the diversification of hummingbirds (2014) Current Biology, 24, pp. 910-916Prince, L.M., Phylogenetic relationships and species delimitation in Canna (Cannaceae) (2010) Diversity, phylogeny, and evolution in the monocotyledons, pp. 307-331. , Seberg O, Petersen G, Barfod AS, Davis J. (eds.) Aarhus, Aarhus University PressSakai, S., Kato, M., Inoue, T., Three pollination guilds and variation in floral characteristics of Bornean gingers (Zingiberaceae and Costaceae) (1999) American Journal of Botany, 86, pp. 646-658Sazima, I., Buzato, S., Sazima, M., The saw-billed hermit Ramphodon naevius and its flowers in southeastern Brazil (1995) Journal of Ornithology, 136, pp. 195-206Schmidt-Lebuhn, A.N., Kessler, M., Hensen, I., Hummingbirds as drivers of plant speciation? (2007) Trends in Plant Science, 12, pp. 329-331Stiles, F.G., Ecology, flowering phenology, and hummingbird pollination of some Costa Rican Heliconia species (1975) Ecology, 56, pp. 285-301Vizentin-Bugoni, J., Maruyama, P.K., Sazima, M., Processes entangling interactions in communities: Forbidden links are more important than abundance in a hummingbird-plant network (2014) Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 281Wolowski, M., Saad, C.F., Ashman, T.L., Freitas, L., Predominance of selfcompatibility in hummingbird-pollinated plants in the Neotropics (2013) Naturwissenschaften, 100, pp. 69-7