Effects Of Thermocycling And Light Source On The Bond Strength Of Metallic Brackets To Bovine Teeth

This study evaluated the effects of thermocycling and different light sources on the bond strength of metallic brackets to bovine tooth enamel using an adhesive resin. Bovine teeth were etched with 35% phosphoric acid gel for 20 s. After application of primer, metallic brackets were bonded to the buccal surface using Transbond XT, forming 8 groups (n=20), depending on the light source used for photoactivation (AccuCure 3000 argon laser - 20 s, Apollo 95E plasma arc - 12 s, UltraLume 5 LED - 40 s and XL2500 halogen light - 40 s) and experimental conditions without (Groups 1 to 4) or with thermocycling (Groups 5 to 8). Shear bond testing was carried out after 24 h of distilled water storage (Groups 1 to 4) or storage and thermocycling in distilled water (groups 5 to 8; 1,500 cycles - 5°/55°C). Data were subjected to two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). The Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI) was evaluated at ×8 magnification. No significant differences (p>0.05) in bond strength were found when the conditions without and with thermocycling were compared for any of the light sources. No significant differences (p>0.05) in bond strength were found among the light sources, irrespective of performing or not thermocycling. There was a predominance of ARI scores 1 in all groups. In conclusion, light sources and thermocycling had no influence on the bond strength of brackets to bovine enamel.226486489Sfondrini, M.F., Cacciafesta, V., Scribante, A., Klersy, C., Plasma arc versus halogen light curing of orthodontic brackets: A 12-month clinical study of bond failures (2004) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 125, pp. 342-347Dall'igna, C.M., Marchioro, E.M., Spohr, A.M., Mota, E.G., Effect of curing time on the bond strength of a bracket-bonding system cured with a light-emitting diode or plasma arc light (2011) Eur J Orthod, 33, pp. 55-59Correr, A.B., Sinhoreti, M.A., Sobrinho, L.C., Tango, R.N., Schneider, L.F., Consani, S., Effect of the increase of energy density on Knoop hardness of dental composites light-cured by conventional QTH, LED and xenon plasma arc (2005) Braz Dent J, 16, pp. 218-224Cekic-Nagas, I., Egilmez, F., Ergun, G., The effect of irradiation distance on microhardness of resin composites cured with different light curing units (2010) Eur J Dent, 4, pp. 440-446Thind, B.S., Stirrups, D.R., Lloyd, C.H., A comparison of tungsten- quartz halogen, plasma arc and light-emitting diode light sources for the polymerization of an orthodontic adhesive (2006) Eur J Orthod, 28, pp. 78-82Filipov, I.A., Vladimirov, S.B., Residual monomer in a composite resin after light-curing with different sources, light intensities and spectra of radiation (2006) Braz Dent J, 17, pp. 34-38Park, J.K., Hur, B., Ko, C.C., García-Godoy, F., Kim, H.I., Kwon, Y.H., Effect of light-curing units on the thermal expansion of resin nanocomposites (2010) Am J Dent, 23, pp. 331-334Price, R.B., Labrie, D., Rueggeberg, F.A., Felix, C.M., Irradiance differences in the violet (405 nm) and blue (460 nm) spectral ranges among dental light-curing units (2010) J Esthet Restor Dent, 22, pp. 363-377Gonçalves, P.R.A., Moraes, R.R., Costa, A.R., Correr, A.B., Nouer, P.R.A., Sinhoreti, M.A.C., Effect of etching time and light source on the bond strength of metallic brackets to ceramic (2011) Braz Dent J, 22, pp. 245-248Swanson, T., Dunn, W.J., Childers, D.E., Taloumis, L.J., Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with light-emitting diode curing units at various polymerization times (2004) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 125, pp. 337-341Usumez, S., Buyukyilmaz, T., Karaman, A.I., Effect of light-emitting diode on bond strength of orthodontic brackets (2004) Angle Orthod, 74, pp. 259-263Talbot, T.Q., Blankenau, R.J., Zobitz, M.E., Weaver, A.L., Lohse, C.M., Rebellato, J., Effect of argon laser irradiation on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: An in vitro study (2000) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 118, pp. 274-279Klocke, A., Korbmacher, H.M., Huck, L.G., Kahl-Nieke, B., Plasma arc curing lights for orthodontic bonding (2002) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 122, pp. 643-648Bishara, S.E., Ostby, A.W., Laffoon, J.F., Warren, J., Shear bond strength comparison of two adhesive systems following thermocycling (2007) Angle Orthod, 77, pp. 337-341Faltermeier, A., Müssig, D., A comparative evaluation of bracket bonding with 1-, 2-, and 3-component adhesive systems (2007) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 132, pp. 144.e1-144.e5Gale, M.S., Darvell, B.W., Thermal cycling procedures for laboratory testing of dental restorations (1999) J Dent, 27, pp. 89-99Trites, B., Foley, T.F., Banting, D., Bond strength comparison of 2 self-etching primers over a 3-month storage period (2004) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 126, pp. 709-716Yuasa, T., Iijima, M., Ito, S., Muguruma, T., Saito, T., Mizoguchi, I., Effects of long-term storage and thermocycling on bond strength of two self-etching primer adhesive systems (2010) Eur J Orthod, 32, pp. 285-290Artun, J., Berglund, S., Clinical trials with crystal growth conditioning as an alternative to acid-etch enamel pretreatment (1984) Am J Orthod, 85, pp. 333-340Oesterle, L.J., Newman, S.M., Shellhart, W.C., Rapid curing of bondingcomposite with a xenon plasma arc light (2001) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 119, pp. 610-616Staudt, C.B., Mavropoulos, A., Bouil, L.S., Kiliaridis, S., Krejcid, I., Light-curing time reduction with a new high-power halogen lamp (2005) Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 128, pp. 749-754Yu, H.S., Lee, K.J., Jin, G.C., Baik, H.S., Comparison of the shear bond strength of brackets using the LED curing light and plasma arc curing light: Polymerization time (2007) World J Orthod, 8, pp. 129-135Rueggeberg, F., Contemporary issues in photocuring (1999) Compend Contin Educ Dent Suppl, pp. 4-15de Munck, J., van Landuyt, K., Peumans, M., Poitevin, A., Lambrechts, P., Braem, M., A critical review of the durability of adhesion of tooth tissue: Methods and results (2005) J Dent Res, 84, pp. 118-132Reynolds, I.R., Composite filling materials as adhesives in Orthodontics (1975) Br Dent J, 138, p. 8