Thermodynamic Analysis Of A Cogeneration System With Black Liquor Gasification [análisis Termodinámico De Un Sistema De Cogeneración Con Gasificación Del Licor Negro]

This work presents a thermodynamic analysis of a cogeneration energy process with black liquor gasification obtained in pulp and paper industries, using exergy balances to identify and quantify the main irreversibilities in the process. The cogeneration process was analyzed using a commercial simulator from which it was possible to develop the exergy balance. The influence of the composition of the gases produced in the gasifier over the exergy losses in the process was evaluated. The most appropriated operating conditions in the gasifier to reduce the concentration of these components, which are responsible for the exergy losses are the low temperature (700°C) and the low pressure (200 kPa). The analysis showed to be useful to determine the technical viability of this alternative process of energy generation using black liquor gasification.1944756Bejan, A., Tsatsaronis, G., Moran, M., (1996) Thermal Design and Optimization, pp. 30-110. , John Wiley & Sons, New York, USABerglin, N., Berntsson, T., CHP in the pulp industry using black liquor gasification: Thermodynamic analysis (1998) Applied Thermal Engineering, 18 (11), pp. 947-961(2006) Relatório Informative de 2006, , -http://www.bracelpa.org.br/br/anual/perfil_setor2006.pdf, Säo PauloBurciaga, D., Black liquor gasification: The foundation of the forest bio-refinery "new value streams (2006) 2005 TAPPI Engineering Pulping, Environmental Conference - Conference Proceedings, 15Cardoso, M., Oliveira, E.D., Passos, M.L., Kraft black liquor of eucalyptus for brazilian mills: Chemical and physical characterization and its processing in the recovery unit (2006) O Papel, 67 (5), pp. 71-83Consonni, S., Larson, E.D., Kreutz, T.G., Berglin, N., Black liquor gasifier/gas turbine cogeneration (1998) ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 120 (3), pp. 442-449Consonni, S., Larson, E.D., Katofsky, R., An assessment of black liquor gasification combined cycles part A : Technological issues and performance comparisons (2004) Proceedings of the ASME Turbo Expo 2004, 7, pp. 1-14Dahlquist, E., Jones, A., Presentation of a dry black liquor gasification process with direct causticization (2006) Tappi Journal, 5 (3), pp. 4-8Gallego, A.G., (2004) Modelagem Computacional e Análise Termodinâmica de Sistemas de Geração de Potência utilizando Gaseificação de Licor Negro, , Tesis de Doctorado, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecånica, UNICAMP, Campinas, BrasilGullichsen, J., Paulapuro, H., Paper Science Technology - Book B, pp. 36-134. , y 303-374, Tappi Press, Jyväskylä, Finlandia 2000Ihrén, N., (1994) Optimization of black liquor gasification cogeneration systems, , Tesis de Doctorado, Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology Energy Processes, Royal Institute of Technology, Estocolmo, SuéciaLarson, E.D., Consonni, S., Kreutz, T.G., Preliminary economics of black liquor gasifier/gas turbine cogeneration at pulp and paper mills (2000) ASME Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 122, pp. 255-261Larson, E.D., S. Consonni y R.E. KatofskyA cost-benefit assessment of biomass gasification power generation in the pulp and paper industry - Final Report - Princeton University (2003). Acceso: www.princeton.edu/~energy5 de mayo de 2007Lindblom, M., Landalv, I., Status of the Swedish national black liquor gasification (BLG) development program (2006) 2006 TAPPI Engineering, Pulping and Environmental Conference Proceedings, 10McKeough, P., Evaluation of potential improvements to black-liquor gasification technology (2004) Proceedings PulPaper 2004 Conferences, Energy and Carbon Management: 69-75Näsholm, A.S., Westermark, K.M., Energy studies of different cogeneration systems for black liquor gasification (1997) Energy Conversion, 38 (15), pp. 1655-1663Nong, G., Xu-Sheng, L., Shuang-Fei, W., Review on gasification of black liquor (2006) China Pulp and Paper, 25 (10), pp. 54-58Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., Poling, B.E., The Properties of Gases and Liquids, pp. 42-47. , y 95-103, McGraw-Hill, Cingapura 1986Santos, P.R., Análise Termodinâmica de um Sistema de Cogeração com Gaseificação de Licor Negro, , Tesis de Magister, Depto. Eng. Sistemas Químicos, UNICAMP, Campinas, Brasil 2007Yumrutaş, R., Kunduz, M., Kanoǧlu, M., Exergy Analysis of Vapor Compression Refrigeration Systems (2002) Exergy, 2, pp. 266-27