Extraction Of Essential Oil Of Black Pepper With Liquid Carbon Dioxide

Extraction of essential oil of black pepper was studied in a fixed bed extractor with liquid carbon dioxide as a solvent. The solubility of the oil in the solvent was determined, using the dynamic method. The solubility of pepper oil varied from 0·07±0·01 to 0·10±0·04 for temperature ranging from 16 to 20°C and pressure from 6·35 to 7·35 MPa. The shape of the extraction curves indicates that about 90% of the oil was extracted during the constant rate period. The results indicate that the subcritical essential oil extraction is a promising technology. © 1993.202121133Brogle, CO2 as a solvent: its properties and applications (1982) Chem. Ind., (12), pp. 385-390Cabral, Coser, Ferreira, Meireles Petenate, Identification of the volatile compounds of black pepper essential oil obtained by extraction with liquid carbon dioxide (1991) 1st Congress of Pharmacy of the South, , Gramado, RS, Brazil, 1–5 Sept., paper G.12Christianson, Friedrich, List, Warner, Bagley, Stringfellow, Inglet, Supercritical fluid extraction of dry-milled corn germ with carbon dioxide (1984) Journal of Food Science, 49 (1), pp. 229-232Drapper, Smith, (1981) Applied Regression Analysis, , 2nd edn, Wiley, New YorkDziezak, Spices (1989) Food Technol., 43 (1), pp. 102-116Eggers, Sievers, Stein, High pressure extraction of oil seed (1985) J. American Oil Chem. Soc., 62 (8), pp. 1222-1230Francis, Ternary systems of liquid carbon dioxide (1954) J. Phys. Chem., 47 (2), pp. 230-233Friedrich, Pryde, Supercritical CO2 extraction of lipid-bearing meterials and characterization of the products (1984) J. American Oil Chem. Soc., 61 (2), pp. 223-228Germer, Extraction of clove essential oil in fixed bed with carbon dioxide (1989) MS Thesis, p. 140. , Unicamp, BrazilGermer, Meireles Petenate, Extraction of clove essential oil with liquid carbon dioxide (1988) Proc. 8th Brazilian Congress of Chemical Engineering, 2, pp. 541-544. , Brazilian Chemical Engineering Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, 24–27 JulyGuenther, (1972) The Essential Oils, 4, pp. 396-437. , R. E. Krieger, New YorkLee, Bulley, Fatori, Meisen, Modeling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of canola oil seeds in fixed beds (1986) J. American Oil Chem. Soc., 63 (7), pp. 921-925McHugh, Krukonis, (1986) Supercritical Fluid Extraction: Principles and Practice, , Butterworth, Boston, MAPruthi, (1980) Spices and Condiments: Chemistry, Microbilogy, Technology, , Academic Press, New YorkRizvi, Benado, Zollweg, Supercritical fluid extraction: fundamental principles and modeling methods (1986) Food Technol., 40 (6), pp. 57-64Schultz, Randall, Liquid carbon dioxide for selective aroma extraction (1970) Food Technol., 24 (11), pp. 94-98Snyder, Friedrich, Christianson, Effect of moisture and particle size on the extractability of oils from seeds with supercritical CO2 (1984) J. American Oil Chem. Soc., 61 (12), pp. 1851-1856Treybal, (1980) Mass Transfer Operations, , 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill, New York, Chap. 6Vidal, Richard, Production of black pepper oleoresin by dense carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide-ethanol extraction (1987) Sci. Aliments, 7, pp. 481-48