Pornography detection using bossanova video descriptor

In certain environments or for certain publics, porno-graphic content may be considered inappropriate, generating the need to be detected and filtered. Most works regarding pornography detection are based on the detection of human skin. However, a shortcoming of these kind of approaches is related to the high false positive rate in contexts like beach shots or sports. Considering the development of low-level local features and the emergence of mid-level representations, we introduce a new video descriptor, which employs local binary descriptors in conjunction with BossaNova, a recent mid-level representation. Our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art on the Pornography dataset.In certain environments or for certain publics, porno-graphic content may be considered inappropriate, generating the need to be detected and filtered. Most works regarding pornography detection are based on the detection of human skin. However, a shortco16811685CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOCAPES - COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIORFAPEMIG - FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE MINAS GERAISsem informaçãosem informaçãosem informaçãoCord, M., Cunningham, P., Machine learning tech-niques for multimedia: Case studies on organization and retrieval (2008) Cognitive Technologies, , SpringerRies, C., Lienhart, R., A survey on visual adult im-age recognition (2012) MTA, pp. 1-28Fleck, M., Forsyth, D., Bregler, C., Finding naked people (1996) ECCV, pp. 593-602Jones, M., Rehg, J., Statistical color models with application to skin detection (2002) IJCV, pp. 81-96Lee, J.-S., Kuo, Y.-M., Chung, P.-C., Chen, E.-L., Naked image detection based on adaptive and exten-sible skin color model (2007) Pattern Recognition, 40 (8), pp. 2261-2270Zuo, H., Hu, W., Wu, O., Patch-based skin color detection and its application to pornography image fil-tering (2010) WWW, pp. 1227-1228Deselaers, T., Pimenidis, L., Ney, H., Bag-of-visual-words models for adult image classification and filter-ing (2008) ICPR, pp. 1-4Lopes, A., Avila, S., Peixoto, A., Oliveira, R., A bag-of-features approach based on hue-sift descriptor for nude detection (2009) EUSIPCO, pp. 1552-1556Lopes, A., Avila, S., Peixoto, A., Oliveira, R., Coelho, M., Nude detection in video using bag-of-visual-features (2009) SIBGRAPI, pp. 224-236. , 10. 1109/SIBGRAPI. 2009. 32Avila, S., Thome, N., Cord, M., Valle, E., Pooling in image representation: The visual codeword point of view (2013) CVIU, 117 (5), pp. 453-465Caetano, C., Avila, S., Guimaraes, S., Representing local binary des-criptors with bossanova for visual recognition (2014) ACM SAC, pp. 49-54Valle, E., Avila, S., Da Luz, A., Souza, F., Coelho, M., Content-based filtering for video sharing social networks (2011) CoRR, , arXiv: 1101. 2427Endeshaw, T., Garcia, J., Jakobsson, A., Classifi-cation of indecent videos by low complexity repetitive motion detection (2008) AIPR, pp. 1-7Jansohn, C., Ulges, A., Breuel, T., Detecting porno-graphic video content by combining image features with motion information (2009) ACM MM, pp. 601-604Liu, Y., Wang, X., Zhang, Y., Tang, S., Fusing audio-words with visual features for pornographic video de-tection (2011) TrustCom, pp. 1488-1493Lowe, D., Distinctive image features from scale-invariant keypoints (2004) IJCV, pp. 91-110Sivic, J., Zisserman, A., Video google: A text re-trieval approach to object matching in videos (2003) ICCV, pp. 1-8Calonder, M., Lepetit, V., Strecha, C., Fua, P., BRIEF: Binary robust independent elementary fea-tures (2010) ECCV, pp. 778-792Rublee, E., Rabaud, V., Konolige, K., Bradski, G., ORB: An efficient alternative to sift or surf (2011) ICCV, pp. 2564-2571Leutenegger, S., Chli, M., Siegwart, R., BRISK: Binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (2011) ICCV, pp. 2548-2555Ortiz, R., FREAK: Fast retina keypoint (2012) CVPR, pp. 510-517Lepetit, V., Trzcinski, T., Christoudias, M., Fua, P., Boosting binary keypoint descriptors (2013) CVPR, pp. 2874-2881Avila, S., Thome, N., Cord, M., Valle, E., BOSSA: Extended bow formalism for image classification (2011) ICIP, pp. 2909-2912Avila, S., Thome, N., Cord, M., Valle, E., BossaNova at imageclef 2012 flickr photo annotation task (2012) Working Notes of the CLEF, pp. 1-6Bradski, G., The opencv library (2000) Dr. Dobb's Jour-nal of Software ToolsEveringham, M., Gool, L.-V., Williams, C., Winn, J., Zisserman, A., (2007) The PASCAL Visual Object Classes Challenge 2007 (VOC2007) ResultsJain, R., (1991) The Art of Computer Systems Performance Anal-ysis, , John Wiley &Sons, Inc22nd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO