Biotransformation Of Limonene: A Review Of The Main Metabolic Pathways [biotransformação De Limoneno: Uma Revisão Das Principais Rotas Metabólicas]

There is considerable progress in the study of the biotransformation of limonene. Extensive research on the biotransformation of limonene has resulted in the elucidation of new metabolic pathways. Natural flavors can be produced via biotransformation, satisfying consumer demand for natural products. This review presents some elements concerning the biotransformation of limonene with emphasis on the metabolic pathways. Some comments are also made on problems related to biocatalysis as well as on the application of some compounds originating from the biotransformation of the inexpensive limonene.302382387Demyttenaere, J., Kimpe, N., (2001) J. Mol. Catal. B: Enzym, 11, p. 265Serra, S., Fuganti, C., Brenna, E., (2005) Trends Biotechnol, 23, p. 193Chatterjee, T., Bhattacharyya, D.K., (2001) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 55, p. 541Burdock, G.A., (1995) Fenaroli's Handbook of Flavour Ingredients, , 3 rd ed, CRC: Boca RatonNonino, E.A., (1997) Perf. Flav, 22, p. 53Berger, R. G.Krings, U.Zorn, H. Em Food Flavour TechnologyTaylor A. J., ed.2002, cap. 3http://www.abecitrus.com.br, acessada em Dezembro 2004Duetz, W.A., Bouwmeester, H., Beilen, J.B., Witholt, B., (2003) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 61, p. 269Speelmans, G., Bijlsma, A., Eggink, G., (1998) Appl. Microbiol. Biochem, 33, p. 538Janssens, L., De Pooter, H.L., Schamp, N.M., Vandamme, E.J., (1992) Process Biochem, 27, p. 195Onken, J., Berger, R.G., (1999) J. Biotechnol, 69, p. 163Berger, R.G., (1995) Aroma biotechnology, , Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-VerlagDhavalikar, R.S., Bhattacharyya, P.K., (1966) Indian J. Biochem, 3, p. 144van der Werf, M.J., Swarts, H.J., de Bont, J.A.M., (1999) Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 65, p. 2092http://umbbd.ahc.umn.edu, acessada em Fevereiro 2006Raphael, T.J., Kuttan, G., (2002) J. Experimet. Clin. Cancer Research, 22, p. 419Gould, M.N., Crowell, P.L., Elson, C.E., Ren, Z., (1995), US pat. WO9524895Imagawa, D.K., Ming-Sing, S., (2000), US pat. 6,133,324van Rensburg, E., Moleleki, N., van der Walt, J.P., Botes, P.J., van Dyk, M.S., (1997) Biotechnol. Lett, 19, p. 779Cadwallader, K.R., Braddock, R.J., Parish, M.E., Higgins, D.P., (1989) J. Food Sci, 54, p. 1241Chang, H.C., Oriel, P., (1994) J. Food Sci, 59, p. 660Cheong, T.K., Oriel, P.J., (2000) Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol, 84, p. 903Dhavalikar, R.S., Rangachari, P.N., Bhattacharyya, P.K., (1966) Indian J. Biochem, 3, p. 158Noma, Y., Yamasaki, S., Asakawa, Y., (1992) Phytochemistry, 31, p. 2725Chang, H.C., Cage, D.A., Oriel, P., (1995) J. Food Sci, 59, p. 660Trytek, M., Fiedurek, J., (2005) Biotechnol. Lett, 27, p. 149Abraham, W.R., Stumpf, B., Kieslich, K., (1986) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 24, p. 24Demyttenaere, J.C.R., van Belleghem, K., De Kimpe, N., (2001) Phytochemistry, 57, p. 199Bauer, K., Garbe, D., Surburg, H., (1990) Common Fragrance and Flavor Materials: Preparation, Properties and Uses, , 2nd ed, VCH Verlagsgesellschft mbH: WeinheimOhloff, G., (1994) Scent and Fragrances. The Fascination of Odors and their Chemical Perspectives, , Springer-Verlag: Berlin and HeidelbergKawasaki, K, Kokai T. K, Jpn. JP2004018431, 2004 CA 140:133439Bowen, E.R., (1975) Florida State Horticultural Society, p. 304. , FloridaHaudenschild, C., Schalk, M., Croteau, R., (2000) Arch. Biochem. Biophys, 379, p. 127Carter, O.A., Peters, R.J., Croteau, R., (2003) Phytochemistry, 64, p. 425Lupien, S., Karp, F., Wildung, M., Croteau, R., (1999) Arch. Biochem. Biophys, 368, p. 181Vanek, T., Valterov, I., Vaisar, T., (1999) Phytochemistry, 50, p. 1347Duetz, W.A., Fjallman, A.H.M., Beilen, J.B., Witholt, B., (2001) Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 67, p. 2829Kraidman, G., Mukherjee, B.B., Hill, I.D., (1969) Bacteriol. Proc, 69, p. 63Abraham, W.R., Hoffman, H.M.R., Kieslich, K., Reng, H., Stumpf, B., (1990) CIBA Found. Symposium 111. Enzymes in Organic Synthesis, , Pitman: LondresTan, Q., Day, D.F., Cadwallader, K.R., (1998) Process Biochem, 33, p. 29Tan, Q., Day, D.F., (1998) Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, 49, p. 96Tan, Q., Day, D.F., (1998) Process Biochem, 33, p. 755Kourkoutas, Y., Bekatorou, A., Banat, I.M., Marchant, R., Koutinas, A.A., (2004) Food Microbiol, 21, p. 377Adams, A., Demyttenaere, J.C.R., De Kimpe, N., (2003) Food Chem, 80, p. 525van Dyk, M.S., van Rensburg, E., Moleleki, N., (1998) Biotechnol. Lett, 20, p. 431van der Werf, M.J., Keijzer, P.M., van der Schaft, P.H., (2000) J. Biotechnol, 84, p. 133Bell, S.G., Sowden, R.J., Wong, L.-L., (2001) Chem Commun, 7, p. 63