Insulin And Angiotensin Ii Signaling Pathways Cross-talk: Implications With The Association Between Diabetes Mellitus, Arterial Hypertension And Cardiovascular Disease [cross-talk Das Vias De Sinalização De Insulina E Angiotensina Ii: Implicações Com A Associação Entre Diabetes Mellitus E Hipertensão Arterial E Doença Cardiovascular]

Insulin (Ins) and angiotensin II (AII) play pivotal roles in the control of two vital and closely related systems: the metabolic and the circulatory, respectively. A failure in the proper action of each of these hormones results, to a variable degree, in the development of two highly prevalent and commonly overlapping diseases - diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (AH). In recent years, a series of studies has revealed a tight connection between the signal transduction pathways that mediate Ins and AII actions in target tissues. This molecular cross-talk occurs at multiple levels and plays an important role in phenomena that range from the action of anti-hypertensive drugs to cardiac hypertrophy and energy acquisition by the heart. At the extracellular level, the angiotensin-converting enzyme controls AII synthesis but also interferes with Ins signaling through the proper regulation of AII and the accumulation of bradykinin. 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