Evaluation Of The Coefficients Of Mutual Influence Of Wood Through Off-axis Compression Tests

Wood is generally considered to be an anisotropic material. In the engineering of elastic models, wood is treated as a linear orthotropic material in which the material axes (longitudinal, radial, and tangential) are coincident with the Cartesian axes. For this model, it is sufficient to determine Young's moduli, the shear moduli and the Poisson's ratios. In the event that this coincidence does not occur, it is necessary to analyze other elastic parameters, such as the coefficients of mutual influence in the elastic model. An evaluation of these elastic coefficients was carried out in the context of off-axis compression tests of Goupia glabra wood specimens, a Brazilian species, at different fiber angles. To demonstrate the influence of the elastic coefficients on the mechanical behavior of the wood, a cantilever beam was analyzed. The results of this study are intended to clarify the anisotropic model applied to wood. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.30522528Green, A.E., Zerna, W., (1954) Theoretical Elasticity, , Clarendon Press GlasgowNair, S., Reissner, E., On the determination of stresses and deflections for anisotropic homogeneous cantilever beams (1976) J Appl Mech, 43, pp. 75-80Bodig, J., Jayne, B.A., (1982) Mechanics of Wood and Wood Composites, , Krieger Publishing Company FloridaKilic, O., Alaattin, A., Dirikolu, M.H., An investigation of the effects of shear on the deflection of an orthotropic cantilever beam by the use of anisotropic elasticity theory (2001) Compos Sci Technol, 61, pp. 2055-2061Mascia, N.T., Vanalli, L., (2002) Analysis of Stress and Strain in Wood Beams. In: Fifth International Conference on Space Structures, , University of Surrey England p. 207-216Mascia, N.T., Concerning the elastic orthotropic model applied to wood elastic properties (2003) Maderas. Ciencia y Tecnología, 5 (1), pp. 20-40. , ChileHermanson, J.C., Stahl, D.C., Cramer, S.M., Shaler, S.M., Transformation of elastic properties for lumber with cross grain (1997) J Struct Div, 123 (1), pp. 1402-1408US department of agriculture, wood handbook: Wood as an engineering material Agriculture Handbook, 72. , Forest Products Laboratory Figs. 4-14 and 4-36(1997) NBR 7190: Projeto de Estruturas de Madeira [Wood Structures Design], , Associaão Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT) Rio de JaneiroTsai, S.W., Hahn, H.T., (1980) Introduction to Composite Materials, , Publishing Company Inc. Technomic Lancaster PennsylvaniaHashin, Z., Plane anisotropic beams (1967) J Appl Mech, Trans ASME, pp. 257-262Lekhnitskii, S.G., Tsai, S.W., Cheront, T., (1968) Anisotropic Plates, , Gordon and Breach Science Publishers New YorkLekhnitskii, S.G., (1981) Theory of Elasticity of An Anisotropic Body, , Mir Publishers MoscowReismann, H., Pawlik, P.S., (1980) Elasticity Theory and Application, , John Wiley & Sons, Inc. TorontoMurakami, H., Reissner, E., Yamakawa, J., Anisotropic beam theories with shear deformation (1996) ASME J Appl Mech, 63, pp. 660-668Ding, H., Huang, D., Wang, H., Analytical solution for fixed-fixed anisotropic beam subjected to uniform load (2006) Appl Math Mech (English Edition), 27 (10), pp. 1305-1310Jayne, B.A., Tang, R.C., Power series stress function for anisotropic and orthotropic beams (1970) Wood Fiber, 2 (2), pp. 96-104Hallstrom, S., Grenestedt, J.L., Failure analysis of laminated timber beams reinforced with glass fiber composites (1997) Wood Sci Technol, 31, pp. 17-34Jones, R.M., (1975) Mechanics of Composite Materials, , Taylor & Francis, Inc. PhiladelphiaTing, T.C.T., (1996) Anisotropic Elasticity, , Oxford University Press New YorkLiu, Y.J., Analysis of off-axis tension test of wood specimens (2002) Wood Fiber Sci, 34 (2), pp. 205-211Mascia, N.T., (1991) Consideraões A Respeito da Anisotropia Na Madeira Brasileira [On Wood Anisotropy and Brazilian Species], , PhD Thesis, EESC-USP, BrazilStandard methods of testing small clear specimens of timber. ASTM D-143 (1994) Annual Book of ASTM Standard, , American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)Mascia, N.T., Lahr, F.A.R., Remarks on orthotropic elastic models applied to wood (2006) Mater Res, São Carlos, 9 (3), pp. 1-10Nairn, J.A.A., Numerical study of the transverse modulus of wood as a function of grain orientation and properties (2007) Holzforschung, 61, pp. 406-413Yoshihara, H., Prediction of the off-axis stress-strain relation of wood under compression loading (2009) Eur J Wood Wood Prod, 67, pp. 183-188Ding, H.J., Huang, D.J., Chen, W.Q., Elasticity solutions for plane anisotropic functionally graded beams (2007) Int J Solids Struct, 44 (1), pp. 176-19