Microwave-immobilized Polybutadiene Stationary Phase For Reversed-phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography

Polybutadiene (PBD) has been immobilized on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) silica by microwave radiation at various power levels (52-663W) and actuation times (3-60min). Columns prepared from these reversed-phase HPLC materials, as well as from similar non-irradiated materials, were tested with standard sample mixtures and characterized by elemental analysis (%C) and infrared spectroscopy. A microwave irradiation of 20min at 663W gives a layer of immobilized PBD that presented good performance. Longer irradiation times give thicker immobilized layers having less favorable chromatographic properties. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.10301-2225229Giesche, H., Unger, K.K., Esser, U., Eray, B., Trüdinger, U., Kinkel, J.N., (1989) J. Chromatogr., 465, p. 39Cheng, Y., Walter, T.H., Lu, Z., Iraneta, P., Alden, B.A., Genderau, C., Neue, U.D., Fisk, R.P., (2000) LG GC, 18, p. 1163Silva, R.B., Collins, K.E., Collins, C.H., (2000) J. Chromatogr. A, 869, p. 137Ascah, T.L., Kallury, K.M.L., Szafranski, C.A., Corman, S.D., Lui, F., (1996) J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol., 19, p. 3049O'gara, J.E., Walsh, D.P., Phoebe, C.H.Jr., Alden, B.A., Bouvier, E.S.P., Iraneta, P.C., Capparella, M., Walter, T.H., (2001) LC GC, 19, p. 632Silva, C.R., Jardim, I.C.S.F., Airoldi, C., (2003) J. Chromatogr. A, 987, p. 139Pursch, M., Vanderhart, D.L., Sander, L.C., Gu, X., Nguyen, T., Wise, S.A., Gajewski, D.A., (2000) J. Am. Chem. Soc., 122, p. 6997Dai, J., Yang, X., Carr, P.W., (2003) J. Chromatogr. A, 1005, p. 63Li, J., Carr, P.W., (1996) Anal. Chem., 68, p. 2857Li, J., Carr, P.W., (1996) Anal. Chim. Acta, 334, p. 239Li, J., Carr, P.W., (1997) Anal. Chem., 69, p. 2193Reeder, D.H., Li, J., Carr, P.W., Flickinger, M.C., Mccormick, A.V., (1997) J. Chromatogr. A, 760, p. 71Li, J., Reeder, D.H., Mccormick, A.V., Carr, P.W., (1997) J. Chromatogr. A, 791, p. 45Li, J., Hu, Y., Carr, P.W., (1997) Anal. Chem., 69, p. 3884Kurganov, A., Trüdinger, U., Isaeva, T., Unger, K., (1996) Chromatographia, 42, p. 217Pesek, J.J., Tang, V.H., (1994) Chromatographia, 39, p. 649Winkler, J., Marmé, S., (2000) J. Chromatogr. A, 888, p. 51Pesek, J.J., Matyska, M.T., (2002) J. Chromatogr. A, 952, p. 1Garbow, J.R., Asrar, J., Hardiman, C.J., (1993) Chem. Mater., 5, p. 869Hanson, M., Unger, K.K., (1990) J. Chromatogr., 517, p. 269Neimark, A.V., Hanson, M., Unger, K.K., (1993) J. Phys. Chem., 97, p. 6011Hanson, M., Eray, B., Unger, K.K., Neimark, A.V., Schmid, J., Albert, K., Bayer, E., (1993) Chromatographia, 35, p. 403Lopes, N.P., Collins, K.E., Jardim, I.C.S.F., (2003) J. Chromatogr. A, 987, p. 77Seferinoglu, M., Yurum, Y., (2001) Energy Sources, 22, p. 1Nasal, A., Haber, P., Kaliszan, R., Forgács, E., Cserháti, T., (1996) Chromatographia, 43, p. 484Forgács, E., Cserháti, T., (1998) J. Chromatogr. A, 797, p. 33Kurganov, A., Trüdinger, U., Isaeva, T., Unger, K.K., (1996) Chromatographia, 42, p. 217Zhao, J., Carr, P.W., (2000) Anal. Chem., 72, p. 302Mao, Y., Fung, B.M., (1997) J. Chromatogr. A, 790, p. 9Jardim, I.C.S.F., Collins, K.E., Anazawa, T.A., (1999) J. Chromatogr. A, 849, p. 299Tonhi, E., Collins, K.E., Collins, C.H., (2002) J. Chromatogr. A, 948, p. 109Tonhi, E., Collins, K.E., Collins, C.H., (2003) J. Chromatogr. A, 987, p. 93Schomburg, G., (1991) Trends Anal. Chem., 10, p. 163Nyholm, L.M., Markides, K.E., (1998) J. Chromatogr. A, 813, p. 11Collins, K.E., Sá, A.L.A., Bottoli, C.B.G., Collins, C.H., (2001) Chromatographia, 53, p. 661Bottoli, C.B.G., Collins, K.E., Collins, C.H., (2003) J. Chromatogr. A, 987, p. 87Bottoli, C.B.G., Chaudhry, Z.F., Fonseca, D.A., Collins, K.E., Collins, C.H., (2002) J. Chromatogr. A, 948, p. 121Silva, M.C.H., Jardim, I.C.S.F., (1998) J. Liq. Chromatogr. Rel. Technol., 21, p. 2447Collins, K.E., Franchon, A.C., Jardim, I.C.S.F., Radovanovic, E., Gonçalves, M.C., (2000) LC-GC, 18, p. 106Kingston, H.M., Jassie, L.B., (1988) Introduction to Microwave Sample Preparation, Theory and Practice, , American Chemical Society, Washington, DCNava, D., Parada, T.R., González, E., Boscán, N., Cruz, C., (1996) Spectrochim. Acta A, 52, p. 1201Iler, L.B., (1979) The Chemistry of Silica, , Wiley, New YorkDe Paoli, M.A., (1983) J. Eur. Polym., 19, p. 761Iraqi, A., Cole-Hamilton, D.J., (1991) Polyhedrom, 10, p. 99