Water Fluxes In Maize, Millet And Soybean Plant-residue Mulches Used In Direct Seeding [dinâmica Da água Nas Palhadas De Milho, Milheto E Soja Utilizadas Em Plantio Direto]

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of crop residue mulches from maize, millet and soybean on water storage capacity, water evaporation, soil cover, solar radiation interception and surface water run-off as well as to incorporate these effects in a crop growth model. The mulch of millet and maize presented higher capacity for water storage than soybean mulch: 3.26, 3.24 and 2.62 g of water per gram of dry matter, respectively. Water losses from wet mulches were related to the potential evapotranspiration. The soil cover levels were similar among the three types of material. The three types of mulch intercepted similar quantities of photosynthetically active radiation and infrared radiation. The mulch of maize straw was slightly more efficient in intercepting radiation than that from millet or soybean. Mulching with millet residues was efficient in the control of surface water run-off: only 45.5 mm of water (out of 843.5 mm rainfall) was lost through runoff under the no-till system with millet as cover crop, whereas 222.5 mm of water was lost in the conventional system with tillage. Most of the relations derived in this work could be described by exponential models.415717724Arreola Tostado, J.M., (1996) Étude et Modélisation de l'Effet des Paillis Sur Le Bilan Hydrique: Le Cas de Semis Direct Sous Paillis Au Mexique, 82p. , Dissertation (Diplôme d'Etudes Approfondies) - Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, MontpellierArreola Tostado, J.M., (2000) Représentation Spatialisée de l'Effet du Semis Direct Sur Paillis de Résidus Sur la Culture de Maïs Pluvial, Dans l'Etat de Jalisco, Mexique, 204p. , Thèse (Doctorat) - Université de Bourgogne, DijonDenardin, J.E., Kochhann, R.A., Requisitos para implantação e a manutenção do sistema plantio direto (1993) Plantio Direto No Brasil, pp. 19-27. , EMBRAPA. Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Trigo (Passo Fundo, RS). Passo Fundo: Aldeia NorteDerpsch, R., Agricultura sustentável (1977) O Meio Ambiente e O Plantio Direto, pp. 29-48. , SATURNINO, H.M.LANDERS, J.N. (Ed.). Brasília: Embrapa SPIDerpsch, R., Roth, C.H., Sidiras, N., Köpke, U., (1990) Controle Da Erosão No Paraná, Brasil: Sistemas de Cobertura Do SoloPlantio Direto e Preparo Conservacionista Do Solo, 268p. , Eschborn: GTZLondrina: IaparFindeling, A., Chanzy, A., De Louvigny, N., Modeling water and heat flows through a mulch allowing for radiative and long distance convective exchanges in the mulch (2003) Water Resources Research, 39, pp. 1-12Gilley, J.E., Finkner, S.C., Spomer, R.G., Mielke, L.N., Runoff and erosion as affected by corn residue. II. Rill and interrill components (1986) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 29, pp. 161-164Idso, S., Reginato, R., Jackson, R., Kimball, B., Nakayama, F., The three stages of drying of field soil (1974) Soil Science Society of America Journal, 38, pp. 831-836Lal, R., Mulching effects on runoff, soil erosion and crop response on alfisols in western Nigeria (1998) Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 11, pp. 135-154Novak, M., Chen, W., Hares, M., Simulating the radiation distribution within a barley straw mulch (2000) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 102, pp. 173-186Resck, D.V.S., Agricultural intensification systems and their impact on soil and water quality in the Cerrados of Brazil (1998) Soil Quality and Agricultural Sustainability, pp. 288-300. , LAL, R. (Ed.). Chelsea: Ann Arbor PressRitchie, J.T., Burnett, E., Dryland evaporative flux in a subhumid climate. II. Plante influences (1971) Agronomy Journal, 63, pp. 56-62Ruedell, J., A soja numa agricultura sustentável (1998) A Soja Em Rotação de Culturas No Plantio Direto, pp. 1-34. , SILVA, M.T.B. da (Ed.). Cruz Alta: FundacepFecotrigoSalton, J.C., Hernani, L.C., Fontes, C.Z., (1998) Sistema Plantio Direto: O Produtor Pergunta, a Embrapa Responde, 248p. , Brasília: Embrapa-SPIDourados: Embrapa-CPAO, (Coleção 500 perguntas 500 respostas)Saturnino, H.M., Evolução do plantio direto e as perspectivas nos cerrados (2001) Informe Agropecuário, 22, pp. 5-12Savabi, M., Stott, D., Plant residue impact on rainfall interception (1994) Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 37, pp. 1093-1098Scopel, E., (1994) Le Semis Direct Avec Paillis de Résidus Dans la Région de V. Carranza Au Mexique: Intérêt de Cette Technicque Pour Améliorer l'Alimentation Hidrique du Maïs Pluvial en Zones à Pluviométrie Irrèguliére, 334p. , Thése (Doctorat) - Institut Nacional Agronomique Paris Grignon, Pari