Reactions Of Gaseous Acylium Ions With 1,3-dienes: Further Evidence For Polar [4 + 2+] Diels-alder Cycloaddition

A novel reaction of acylium and thioacylium ions, polar [4 + 2+] Diels-Alder cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and O-heterodienes, has been systematically investigated in the gas phase (Eberlin MN, Cooks RG. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993; 115: 9226). This polar cycloaddition, yet without precedent in solution, likely forms cyclic 2,5-dihydropyrylium ions. Here we report the reactions of gaseous acylium ions [(CH3)2N-C+=O, Ph-C+=O, (CH3)2N-C+=S, CH3-C+=O, CH3CH2-C+=O, and CH2=CH-C+=O] with several 1-oxy-substituted 1,3-dienes of the general formula RO-CH=CH-C(R1)=CH2, which were performed to collect further evidence for cycloaddition. In reactions with 1-methoxy and 1-(trimethylsilyloxy)1,3-butadiene, adducts are formed to a great extent, but upon collision activation they mainly undergo structurally unspecific retro-addition dissociation. In reactions with Danishefsky's diene (trans-1-methoxy-3-(trimethylsilyloxy)-1,3-butadiene), adducts are also formed to great extents, but retro-addition is no longer their major dissociation; the ions dissociate instead mainly to a common fragment, the methoxyacryl cation of m/z 85. This fragment ion is most likely formed with the intermediacy of the acyclic adduct, which isomerizes prior to dissociation by a trimethylsilyl cation shift. Theoretical calculations predict that meta cycloadducts bearing 1-methoxy and 1-trimethylsilyloxy substituents are unstable, undergoing barrierless ring opening induced by the charge-stabilizing effect of the 1-oxy substituents. In contrast, for the reactions with 1-acetoxy-1,3-butadiene, both the experimental results and theoretical calculations point to the formation of intrinsically stable cycloadducts, but the intact cycloadducts are either not observed or observed in low abundances. 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